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展示技術(shù)范文第1篇

服務(wù)器

惠普

惠普的BladeSystem C-Class刀片服務(wù)器系統(tǒng)使用了能量智控這一關(guān)鍵技術(shù)以實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)能降耗，通過內(nèi)置的儀器對刀片機(jī)箱內(nèi)的能耗和散熱情況進(jìn)行精確地監(jiān)控，并對電源和散熱的分配進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)。

HP Integrity服務(wù)器的虛擬化和整合技術(shù)可以大幅節(jié)省電源和散熱成本，并且還提供了新的電源管理技術(shù)，如面向ProLiant產(chǎn)品的電流調(diào)節(jié)器，可以在不影響性能的前提下應(yīng)對能耗挑戰(zhàn)。

此外，惠普的動(dòng)態(tài)智能散熱技術(shù)能夠讓數(shù)據(jù)中心的成本降低20%～45%，并將二氧化碳的年排放量減少18000噸;模塊化散熱系統(tǒng)可以將一個(gè)機(jī)架的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)散熱能力提升到原來的3倍，也就是30千瓦；借助惠普電流限定技術(shù)，用戶還可以將服務(wù)器密度提高40%。

戴爾

戴爾的PowerEdge M1000e是一款高度模塊化的刀片服務(wù)器，該產(chǎn)品采用了FlexIO技術(shù)，擁有比其上一代刀片服務(wù)器更多的I/O插槽，可對I/O架構(gòu)進(jìn)行靈活高效的升級和擴(kuò)展。因此，用戶只需要添加級聯(lián)或堆疊模塊，即可完成對刀片服務(wù)器I/O能力的擴(kuò)展?？梢哉f，這種模塊化的設(shè)計(jì)簡化了用戶升級和優(yōu)化系統(tǒng)的難度，同時(shí)也讓企業(yè)能靈活地應(yīng)對業(yè)務(wù)上的各種變化，這對于企業(yè)來說就是一種資源的節(jié)約。

此外，戴爾的刀片服務(wù)器還采用了智能節(jié)能（Energy Smart）技術(shù)，并在高能效機(jī)柜、低能耗風(fēng)扇和動(dòng)態(tài)電源管理等方面都做了節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)。以動(dòng)態(tài)電源管理技術(shù)為例，該技術(shù)可以讓用戶自行設(shè)置電源功率的閥值，讓刀片服務(wù)器在用戶自己認(rèn)可的功率范圍內(nèi)工作，從而避免能源的不必要消耗。

聯(lián)想

聯(lián)想萬全R525是一款能夠詮釋節(jié)能環(huán)保理念的服務(wù)器，其支持聯(lián)想自有的LECOT能耗優(yōu)化技術(shù)，產(chǎn)品采用高轉(zhuǎn)換效率的部件，以幫助服務(wù)器節(jié)省在電源轉(zhuǎn)換中消耗的電能；支持動(dòng)態(tài)的按需供電技術(shù)，可以節(jié)省服務(wù)器空閑狀態(tài)下不必要的電能消耗，“1+1”熱插拔冗余電源模塊提供的高轉(zhuǎn)換效率能有效地降低系統(tǒng)功耗；通過偵測關(guān)鍵部件的工作狀況，實(shí)時(shí)地調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)功耗和散熱量，以節(jié)省不必要的功率消耗，減少用戶在電能方面的投入，并大幅降低用戶運(yùn)營成本。

此外，萬全R525配備有機(jī)柜規(guī)劃工具，該工具以機(jī)柜為單位精確地計(jì)算輸入功率、散熱量峰值及重量，能幫助用戶進(jìn)行機(jī)柜供電、散熱及承重規(guī)劃，以降低整體機(jī)房固定資產(chǎn)擁有成本。

富士通

富士通的綠色刀片服務(wù)器FUJITSU PRIMERGY BX620S4采用了多方位的環(huán)保設(shè)計(jì)理念，該產(chǎn)品具有負(fù)載均衡、高可用性和高度的橫向可擴(kuò)展性，這些無疑都提高了服務(wù)器的集成效率和使用效率，同時(shí)也大幅度降低了環(huán)境負(fù)荷。

此外，F(xiàn)UJITSU Systemwalker RCVE虛擬化管理軟件有效地減少了刀片服務(wù)器的系統(tǒng)管理工作量，降低了系統(tǒng)的總擁有成本。Systemwalker RCVE管理軟件只需要簡單的步驟即可將刀片服務(wù)器連接到現(xiàn)有的SAN環(huán)境中，這就簡化了SAN環(huán)境中服務(wù)器的管理難度，并降低了因人為錯(cuò)誤造成的損失。與此同時(shí)，通過VMware HA及一臺共用的備用服務(wù)器，物理服務(wù)器和虛擬服務(wù)器可以自動(dòng)恢復(fù)，這就讓虛擬化技術(shù)的節(jié)能優(yōu)勢得到了更好的發(fā)揮。

浪潮

浪潮英信NF290D2是一款低功耗、穩(wěn)定可靠、高性價(jià)比的2U雙路全能服務(wù)器，散熱系統(tǒng)、模塊化及熱插拔的冗余設(shè)計(jì)使其在有限的空間內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)了可靠性、可擴(kuò)展性和高性能。

事實(shí)上，浪潮在服務(wù)器領(lǐng)域的綠色節(jié)能方面的設(shè)計(jì)主要包括以下三個(gè)方面:第一，在物理服務(wù)器上進(jìn)行的設(shè)計(jì)，比如整個(gè)機(jī)箱風(fēng)道的設(shè)計(jì)盡量利用物理或流體力學(xué)的方法，用盡量少的風(fēng)扇和功耗達(dá)到同樣的散熱目的，并進(jìn)一步地降低能耗；第二，采用高效的電源處理和電源管理，比如晚上12點(diǎn)服務(wù)器基本不工作，這時(shí)系統(tǒng)會(huì)自動(dòng)降低電源消耗，如果白天是1000瓦，那么夜間則降到600瓦、500瓦或者更低；第三是管理，浪潮專門推出了一套基于業(yè)務(wù)的功率管理系統(tǒng)，其能夠?qū)崟r(shí)地反映出業(yè)務(wù)情況的負(fù)載，并且反映出服務(wù)器的負(fù)載，還可以調(diào)整服務(wù)器業(yè)務(wù)的部署，甚至服務(wù)器的功耗情況。

交換機(jī)

惠普

HP ProCurve Switch 8212zl是惠普“綠色”交換機(jī)的代表，其是一款具備高性能和高可用的機(jī)箱式交換機(jī)平臺，支持統(tǒng)一的核心到邊緣適應(yīng)性網(wǎng)絡(luò)解決方案;其平臺與軟件高可用性的特性，可以確保系統(tǒng)持續(xù)運(yùn)行并提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)生產(chǎn)效率。

在降低能耗方面，HP ProCurve使用了各種節(jié)能技術(shù)，如LLDP-MED可變風(fēng)扇等；盡可能采用基于機(jī)箱的交換機(jī)；在不工作的時(shí)候關(guān)閉PoE；根據(jù)實(shí)際應(yīng)用選擇電源和UPS。

此外，HP ProCurve系列幾乎所有產(chǎn)品都提供終身保修、軟件升級、技術(shù)支持和第二工作日替換等免費(fèi)服務(wù)，這些對于減少碳排放和節(jié)約成本起到了至關(guān)重要的作用，因?yàn)楫a(chǎn)品的使用壽命會(huì)因終身保修而延長，用戶就不用頻繁地更換設(shè)備，也不用再處理老設(shè)備帶來的電子廢料。

邁普

為了實(shí)現(xiàn)交換機(jī)的綠色節(jié)能，邁普應(yīng)用了多種技術(shù)優(yōu)化產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)。首先，通過采用高性能的交錯(cuò)式PFC控制技術(shù)提高交換機(jī)電源模塊的電源轉(zhuǎn)換效率，這將傳統(tǒng)的電源轉(zhuǎn)換效率從70%～80%提高到了85%。

其次，全面應(yīng)用了以太板卡的以太端口休眠功能，對于不用的端口或者沒有數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)亩丝诖蠓档土私涌谛酒墓模瑢τ贕E電口的8根網(wǎng)線全部傳輸數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)的高功耗也實(shí)現(xiàn)了有效的降低，當(dāng)使用閑置端口休眠或不使用時(shí)，能夠降低40%左右的功耗。同時(shí)，采用高密度的業(yè)務(wù)板卡降低功耗，通過提高板卡的密度來降低單端口的功耗。

此外，大容量的主機(jī)、靈活的業(yè)務(wù)板卡升級功能設(shè)計(jì)延長了設(shè)備的使用壽命;優(yōu)化的整機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，加強(qiáng)了整機(jī)的散熱性能，豎插槽的設(shè)計(jì)則利用了自然散熱的原理大幅降低了散熱設(shè)備的功耗。

極進(jìn)

極進(jìn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的BlackDiamond 8810是一款標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的萬兆核心交換機(jī)，作為服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)骨干或數(shù)據(jù)中心的核心交換機(jī)，其工作時(shí)間一般都是7×24小時(shí)，因此低能耗設(shè)計(jì)帶來的電力節(jié)省就相當(dāng)可觀了。該設(shè)備可以安裝最多6個(gè)電源模塊，每個(gè)電源模塊功率為1200W，用戶可以根據(jù)需求靈活配置電源模塊數(shù)量，且所有的板卡均采用低能耗設(shè)計(jì)。

此外，BlackDiamond 8810采用了高可靠的模塊化交換機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)ExtremeXOS，同時(shí)也集成了一些節(jié)電環(huán)保特性，如支持PoE（以太網(wǎng)供電）接口模塊，這樣就可以自動(dòng)地按時(shí)間計(jì)劃激活系統(tǒng)；休眠端口功能，例如下班時(shí)間PoE網(wǎng)絡(luò)端口可以按計(jì)劃自動(dòng)休眠，停止為無線網(wǎng)AP或IP電話供電，上班時(shí)間再激活端口，從而進(jìn)一步節(jié)省電力消耗。

存儲

UIT

UIT綠色存儲的核心是設(shè)計(jì)運(yùn)行溫度更低的處理器和更有效率的系統(tǒng)，生產(chǎn)更低能耗的存儲系統(tǒng)或組件，降低產(chǎn)品所產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳，而其所應(yīng)用的主要技術(shù)是MAID（Massive Arrays of Idle Disks，大規(guī)模非活動(dòng)磁盤陣列存儲）――在正常狀態(tài)下所有的磁帶都放置在磁帶庫的槽位中，需要某盤磁帶時(shí)才將它放在磁帶機(jī)中，然后進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)讀寫。而在大部分時(shí)間，大多數(shù)磁帶是處在非工作狀態(tài)的。

UIT BM3800B是UIT推出的一款具有MAID綠色存儲功能的光纖通道存儲設(shè)備，其在綠色節(jié)能方面具有以下幾個(gè)重要的功能和特點(diǎn)：磁盤或磁盤RAID組可以在沒有讀寫訪問時(shí)依據(jù)策略下電；下電磁盤自動(dòng)按照策略進(jìn)行故障檢查；磁盤在下電以后，一旦有讀寫請求，磁盤自動(dòng)上電，RAID組可重新提供正常訪問；降低能耗，電能節(jié)約可達(dá)到30%；減少環(huán)境和管理成本；更長的磁盤使用壽命。

日立

日立認(rèn)為，存儲基礎(chǔ)架構(gòu)對能源的消耗是與磁盤數(shù)直接掛鉤的，而非儲存的數(shù)據(jù)量，所以容量的密度越大就意味著能耗效率越高，因此利用虛擬化來部署分層存儲和實(shí)施通用管理架構(gòu)能夠大大提高資源的利用率。

日立的USP產(chǎn)品不僅配有基于控制器的虛擬化引擎，還可以將控制器與存儲介質(zhì)相分離，允許企業(yè)將其直連式存儲系統(tǒng)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)附加式存儲系統(tǒng)和存儲區(qū)域網(wǎng)絡(luò)都整合到一個(gè)存儲平臺中，使用戶可以在短短幾秒鐘內(nèi)將存儲空間分配（或解除分配）給某個(gè)應(yīng)用。

此外，日立還基于USP V平臺在企業(yè)級虛擬層實(shí)現(xiàn)了Thin Provisioning(動(dòng)態(tài)精細(xì)化預(yù)配置)功能：USP V與Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning(動(dòng)態(tài)與配置)軟件的結(jié)合使用戶能夠在一個(gè)整合的解決方案中同時(shí)獲得外部存儲虛擬化的好處以及由Thin Provisioning帶來的電力和冷卻成本方面的優(yōu)勢。

飛康

飛康在兩年前就與COPAN合作，將MAID（大規(guī)模非活動(dòng)磁盤陣列）技術(shù)導(dǎo)入了VTL，這就節(jié)省了設(shè)備閑置時(shí)所消耗的電能；其新一代VTL具備重復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)刪除技術(shù)，可以幫助用戶節(jié)省大量備份所需的磁盤空間；IPStor具備的存儲資源按需分配（Thin Provisioning）功能，更將存儲資源的利用率從低于30%提高到80%以上，使用戶現(xiàn)有的存儲投資能得以繼續(xù)利用。

此外，飛康VTL企業(yè)版可以擴(kuò)展遠(yuǎn)程復(fù)制功能，用戶可以利用WAN廣域網(wǎng)絡(luò)將備份數(shù)據(jù)復(fù)制到遠(yuǎn)程，并實(shí)現(xiàn)異地災(zāi)備。在執(zhí)行遠(yuǎn)程復(fù)制時(shí)，本地和遠(yuǎn)程的VTL會(huì)自動(dòng)比對單一存儲區(qū)內(nèi)有沒有相同數(shù)據(jù)，只有不重復(fù)的數(shù)據(jù)才會(huì)被復(fù)制并傳輸?shù)竭h(yuǎn)程，這可以減少95%的網(wǎng)絡(luò)帶寬使用率。

SEPATON

SEPATON實(shí)現(xiàn)“綠色”存儲的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)手段主要是重復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)刪除、自動(dòng)精簡配置及數(shù)據(jù)壓縮等，其中重復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)刪除和自動(dòng)精簡配置最能大幅度削減能源消耗。SEPATON的DeltaStor軟件利用其“內(nèi)容已知（ContentAware）”架構(gòu)，以字節(jié)為單位進(jìn)行全面的數(shù)據(jù)比較，以確保數(shù)據(jù)的完整性，并且在主要數(shù)據(jù)傳輸路徑之外執(zhí)行重復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)刪除，使其性能不受影響。Deltastor軟件能提供多節(jié)點(diǎn)可擴(kuò)展性，并可以處理PB級數(shù)據(jù)。

據(jù)悉，利用DeltaStor技術(shù)后，存儲數(shù)據(jù)占用的空間相比以前為1∶50，這樣就節(jié)約了高達(dá)62%的數(shù)據(jù)中心空間，以及85%的能源和散熱成本。同時(shí)，采用ContentAware架構(gòu)，SEPATON為日后擴(kuò)大容量、提高性能打下了基礎(chǔ)，在面臨數(shù)據(jù)中心需求不斷變化的情況下，可以有效地保護(hù)用戶已有的投資，避免造成浪費(fèi)。

昆騰

據(jù)悉，Quantum DXi系列磁盤備份系統(tǒng)能夠在整個(gè)企業(yè)中擴(kuò)大重復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)刪除技術(shù)的優(yōu)勢，重復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)刪除技術(shù)可以使磁盤需求降低90%甚至更多。借助該技術(shù)還能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)快速備份和還原，并減少了對介質(zhì)的使用，對電源和冷卻的要求也更低，整體數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)和保留成本還相應(yīng)降低。

Quantum DXi7500是一款高可用性企業(yè)磁盤備份系統(tǒng)，可以作為磁盤備份系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行，在這種情況下，利用傳統(tǒng)的虛擬磁帶庫接口就能提供更高的吞吐量，同時(shí)也可以作為啟用了重復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)刪除功能的磁盤備份和遠(yuǎn)程復(fù)制系統(tǒng)。

此外，DXi7500還擁有直接磁帶創(chuàng)建功能，讓用戶能夠?qū)⒋鎯υ诖疟P上的備份數(shù)據(jù)自動(dòng)遷移到磁帶上以進(jìn)行更長期的保留，而這一操作是在后臺進(jìn)行的，因此對用戶的介質(zhì)服務(wù)器或備份SAN沒有任何影響。

華賽

華賽將綠色環(huán)保的每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)都落實(shí)到了OceanStor磁盤陣列的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)中。

展示技術(shù)范文第2篇

關(guān)鍵詞 計(jì)算機(jī)軟件；移動(dòng)設(shè)備；信息展示；多通道

Abstract 中圖分類號 TP 311文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼A doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6970.2011.01.022

Abstract An Overview of Mobile Information Presentation Techniques

關(guān)鍵詞 FENG LingQIAO Lin

(Department of Computer Science & Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100089，China)

【Abstract 】 The popularity of hand-held mobile devices is growing. Compared with traditional desktop computers, these mobile devices have distinct limitations, including tiny display, low resolution, scarce computing resources, bandwidth fluctuation, ad-hoc communication, voluntary disconnection, etc., presenting new challenges to mobile human-computer interaction. In this survey paper, we overview some recently developed techniques for diverse information presentation on mobile devices through visual, audio, and tactile channels.

【Key words】computer software; mobile device; information presentation; multi-channel

0 Introduction

Mobile devices have gained increasingly popularity due to its portability nature. People use these small mobile devices to manage personal information, do simple work with poor processing requirements, or remotely control PCs and computerized appliances [1]. Nowadays, the use of mobile devices has penetrated into the domains of education, business, military, etc.

Compared with traditional desktop computers, mobile devices have many limitations in terms of 1) small-sized display with poor resolution, few colors, and different width/height ratio from the normal setup; 2) constrained CPU processing and memory capacities; 3) slow connection with fluctuated bandwidth; and 4) unfriendly user input facilities (ordinarily used keyboard and handwriting demand lots of screen space, incurring quite inaccurate results) [2,3].

Due to these large differences, the classic desktop solutions cannot directly be adopted to mobile user interface design. [4,5] made a good summary of the main challenges in mobile human-computer interaction. In this study, we are particularly concerned about information presentation on mobile devices. After a brief description of the major challenges upon mobile information presentation, we overview some latest development of information presentation techniques for mobile devices through diverse channels including visual, audio, and tactile channels.

1 Main Challenges for Mobile Information Presentation

The inherent characteristics of mobile devices lead to the following design considerations for mobile information presentation.

-Mobile devices have limited interaction facilities. Constrained by small screen size, poor-quality sound output, and tiny keypad, no-handed or simple interaction operations during information presentation are always preferred. In line with human's perceptual and cognitive ``top-down" behavior, outputting the most useful or high-leveled information and then letting users decide whether or not to retrieve details further constitute a good strategy for information output [5].

-Mobile devices are portable. Users carrying mobile devices can enter multiple and dynamic contexts embedded with various sensors and networks. These unreliable or patchy sensors may also bring incomplete and varying context information. It would be desirable to permit users to configure output to their needs and preferences (e.g., content precision, text size, brightness, etc.) to tailor to the user's current environment [4,5].

-Mobile users have poor focus. User focus is a massive issue, as in a mobile environment, frequency of interruptions is likely to be much higher than on desktops. The information presentation process shall be easily stopped, started, and resumed with little or no effort to enable to switch user’s attention from the device to his/her activity itself. Besides, a multi-modality option via sound or tactile channel can be adopted to prevent user's too much attention in reading the content on mobile devices [5].

-Mobile devices have a widespread population. Simple user interface should be designed, because users often don't have any formal training in their technologies. Besides, it must allow for personalization, providing users the ability to change settings themselves. Also, the information presentation should be visually pleasing and fun as well as usable to offer enjoyment [5].

Among the challenges, one prototypical big problem facing mobile device user interface designers is how to effectively and efficiently present a large amount of information contents on tiny screens. The most common strategy on desktop computers with relatively large screens is using scrollable viewports that reveal a subpart of the data [6]. However, this strategy can hardly be applied to mobile devices, since people often use mobile devices on-the-go, making it difficult for them to drag scroll bars. In addition, as scrollable viewports present only a subpart of data while hiding most of the data, they provide very limited contextual information to users [6]. Therefore, many human-interface researchers are trying new methods to enable and enhance information presentation on mobile devices, utilizing visual, audio, and/or tactile channels. We review these great efforts in the following sections.

2 Information Presentation via Visual Channel

The ways to visually present contents vary from the types of contents (e.g., Web pages, texts, images, maps, or structured data, etc.) to be displayed [2].

2.1 Web Page Presentation

Mobile Web search receives great attention nowadays. Web contents, mostly designed for desktop computers, are badly suited for mobile devices [7,8]. Currently, the majority of commercially available mobile web browsers use single-column viewing mode to avoid horizontal scroll. But this approach tends to have much more vertical scrolls and destroys the layout of original view.

Based on small- and large-scaled user studies, [9,10] provided a list of general principles for Web page display. They are: 1) developing phone-based applications to enable direct and simple access to focused valuable contents; 2) trimming the page-to-page navigation down to a minimum; 3) providing more rather than less information for each search result; 4) using simple hierarchies which are similar to the phone menus that users are already familiar with; 5) adapting for vertical scrolling or reducing the amount of vertical scrolling by simplifying the text to be displayed; 6) reducing the number of users' keystrokes; 7) providing a quick way for users to know whether a search result points to a conventional HTML page or a small screened optimized page; 8) pre-processing conventional pages for better usability in small screen contexts; and 9) combining theoretical and empirical evaluation to gain further insights [9].

In order to deliver adaptive Web contents to mobile devices, researchers attempt to re-author web pages by means of presentation optimization, semantic conversion, or zooming, etc., which can be done at server side, intermediate side, or client side [11].

1) Re-authoring Web Pages at Server Sides

Server-side adaptation provides Web page authors maximum control over content delivery to mobile devices [11]. [12] reported a system which used the W3C's Document Object Model (DOM) API to generate an XML tree-like structure, as well as the Extensible Style Sheet Language Transformations (XSLT) to generate Wireless Markup Language (WML) and HTML content for display on mobile devices. This system could also adapt to users' dynamic contexts. [13] presented another system which could adapt multimedia Web documents to optimally match the capabilities of the client's mobile devices. In a scheme called InfoPyramid, content items on a Web page were transcoded into multiple resolution and modality versions, so that they could be rendered on different devices. Customers could select the best parameters from the InfoPyramids to meet the resource constraints of the client's devices while still guarantee the most “value” [13].

2) Re-authoring Web Pages at Intermediate Sides

Proxies typically apply intermediate adaptation [11]. Today, many of web page visualization efforts fall into this category. Without changing the layout of original web pages, [14] reduced the size of images which were larger than that of mobile screens and removed media which mobile devices did not support. [7] described a scaled-down version to fit the mobile devices screen. Images embedded in a web page and the Internet address bar were removed; and the font size of textual contents was adjusted by the user [7]. The focus+context visualization was also employed in the display of mobile Web. Users could choose what they are interested in with a large font size, while other information in the surrounding area can be displayed in a reduced font size [7].

Currently, Web page transcoding is a widely used approach. [7,15] applied a DOM tree generation and navigation technique for mobile Web interface. Content blocks with extracted labels and their relationships in a web page were automatically identified in the DOM tree. A Web page on mobile devices was represented as a hierarchical structure of content blocks. At the beginning, the highest level of a generated DOM tree was given to the user. If the user was interested in some sub-topics, s/he could click the node to expand it to the next level. Some researchers proposed to do a Web-page semantic segmentation based on a DOM tree [16,17], because they think DOM tree is in disorder in semantic sense. [17] applied type analysis based on the refined typing system to generate blocks.

[18] considered to split a Web page's structure into smaller but logically related units. A two-level hierarchy was used with a thumbnail representation at the top level to provide a global view and an index to a set of subpages at the bottom level for detailed information. [19] introduced heuristics for structure-aware Web transcoding which considered a Web page's structure and the relative importance of its components. [8] proposed to display a web page as a thumbnail view, but preserving the original page layout, so that users could identify the overall page structure and recognize pages they previously viewed. This method provides readable text fragments which allow users to disambiguate the desired information from similar looking areas. When users zoom in for the interesting information, the original unabbreviated version of the page will be shown. During the zooming operation, the thumbnail view and the detail views look similar, so that users can recognize the thumbnail view corresponding to the detail view [8]. [20,21] proposed to show Web pages in a modified original layout, where texts and images on a Web page are scaled to fit the display width. First, the size of the text relative to the rest of the page contents is modified and the browser viewport is limited. Second, a scaled down version of the whole page is overlaid with an indication of the current viewport at the top. Web contents can also be taken out of table cells and shown one after another in the order specified in markup files.

3) Re-authoring Web Pages at Client Sides

A client device can use style sheets to format contents in a browser [11]. For instance, the font size of textual contents can be adjusted by users [7]. Together with the above intermediate-side approaches, by storing user's operations with the DOM tree in a profile, the system could automatically generate a DOM-tree with branches expanded or hidden according to users' interests [7].

Along with the popularity of mobile Web search, Google's PDA mobile Web search interface differs from its XHTML interface in the following three main aspects [22]: 1) it only offers Web and Image searches; 2) it displays the same snippet as desktop search, and 3) no trancoding is performed before displaying a clicked link. In [23], the mobile search interface provided automatic search result categories to present the user with an overview of the result set. In addition, the interface utilized a focus+context method to help present the result list. Researchers have also proposed many novel approaches to mobile search by considering context information. [24] provided a novel interface which is well-adapted to the need of mobile users. They provided historical query and result selection data for users to navigate through on an interactive map-based interface.

Mobile devices and mobile Internet bring extremely challenging to mobile search. In order to understanding the needs of mobile search, many researchers [22,25,26] studied mobile search patterns. [25] conducted a large-scale study on English mobile queries from the US, Europe, and Asia, which were submitted from mobile devices using Yahoo!. They found the following characteristics of mobile queries. 1) Personal entertainment is the most popular queries, and users are searching for a broad category personal entertainment. 2) Mobile query pattern is still dynamic. 3) There exist meaningful variations in the regional query pattern in terms of the quantitative statistics. 4) There are interesting differences among users query of various search applications in terms of their topical interests of their queries. [25,26] examined wireless search patterns for a major carrier in the United States by analyzing Google search queries. Compared with their study in 2005, they found some interesting trends [26]. 1) Users type faster. 2) More queries had at least one click. 3) There are more explorations within one session. 4) Mobile queries are becoming less homogeneous. 5) There are more high-end devices. 6) The percentage ofqueries is increasing.

Compared with queries in desktop, research in [22] showed the diversity of queries in mobile environments was far less. This might be due to the enormous amount of efforts (in terms of time and key presses) needed for users to enter query terms, so that each session on mobile devices had significantly fewer queries than sessions initiated on the desktop [22].

Users for the most part tended to search similar contents as desktop queries, and the percentage ofqueries was vastly larger [22]. [22] also analyzed Google's XHTML search and Google's PDA search histories related to how and why typical users use mobile Web search, in order to better understand mobile search users. Google's PDA interface is similar to Google's XHTML interface [22], but it has the following three main differences. 1) The PDA interface only offers Web and Image searches; 2) The PDA interface displays the same snippet as desktop search. 3) No trancoding is performed before displaying a clicked link. In [23], the mobile search interface provided automatic search result categories to present the user with an overview of the result set. In addition, the interface utilized a focus+context method to help present the result list.

Researchers also have proposed many novel approaches to mobile search by considering context information. [27] proposed a query prediction system for helping enter a query. The system redefined the prediction dictionary after considering contextual signals, such as knowledge of the application being used and the location of the user. Combining context features, [24] provided a novel interface which is well-adapted to the need of mobile users. They provides historical query and result selection data for users to navigate through on an interactive map-based interface [24].

2.2 Text (Lengthy Document) Presentation

Two popular ways to view lengthy documents on small screens in the literature are Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) and Leading Format Presentation (LFP) [28,29]. 1) RSVP presents one or more text words at a time at a fixed location on the screen [30]. Two variants of RSVP, namely, Adaptive RSVP and Sonified RSVP, were detailed in [31,32]. Adaptive RSVP adjusts each text chunk exposure time with respect to content (e.g., the number of characters and words to be exposed) as well as to context (e.g., the result of content adaptation, the word frequencies of the words in the chunk, and the position of the chunk in sentence being exposed). Sonified RSVP plays appropriate sound when a certain text chunk is displayed. 2) LFP method scrolls the text in one line horizontally or vertically across the screen [29,30,31]. Considering that sentence boundary is important in reading, a sentence-oriented presentation manner was developed for a small window, which presented complete sentences one at a time [30].

In general, sentences can be read more accurately and more natural in the RSVP format than in the LFP format [32,33]. This is because when human's eyes process information during fixed gazes, it is more comfortable that the text moved successively rather than continuously. However, the experiments of [34] showed that comprehension for smooth scrolling times square was at least as high as that for RSVP at presentation rates ranging from 100 to 300 words per minute. [35] compared RSVP with three-line and ten-line LFP presentation method, and found out that readers favored the slower speed, and were equally satisfied with the three methods. But [35] supported the use of RSVP, because even with no experience with RSVP reading, participants were able to read just as accurately and were just as satisfied as the other two, and more participants were comfortable at faster speeds with RSVP than the others.

2.3 Image Presentation

To visualize data-intensive images on mobile devices, an intuitive solution is to compress and transcode images to reduce data transmission and processing. JPEG 2000 detailed a progressive transmission mechanism which allowed images to be reconstructed by different pixel accuracy or spatial resolution and be delivered to different target devices of different capabilities [36]. [37] introduced a non-uniform resolution presentation method, in which resolution was the highest at the fovea but falls off away from the fovea. [38] classified images according to image type and purpose, and transcoded images to adapt to the unique characteristics of the devices with a wide range of communication, processing, storage, and display capabilities, thus improving the delivery.

Besides treating an image as a whole, [39,40,41] proposed to separate region-of-interest and deliver the most important region to the small screen according to the human's attention model. They used RSVP presentation technique to simulate the attention shifting process, and noticed that there was an important psycho physiological activity - visual attention shifting. Image browsing on small devices could be improved by simulating the fixation and shifting process in a way similar to RSVP. An image was decomposed into a set of regions which were displayed serially, each for a brief period of time. [39] further described a generic and extensible image attention model based on three attributes (i.e., region of interest, attention value, and minimal perceptible size) associated with each attention object. [40,41] tried to find an optimal image browsing path based on the image attention model to simulate the human browsing behavior. [42] developed a level-of-detail technique to adapt tree and/or cluster images on mobile devices. For tree images designed to visualize a hierarchy of categories, small rectangles in deep layers can be merged into a single larger rectangle. When users tap a rectangle, the tapped one will be enlarged to occupy the whole screen. For cluster images, details of the cluster image including the spheres in the user groups are neglected, when the user is looking at an overview of the visual presentation.

2.4 Map Presentation

Maps play an important role in mobile location-based services. However, they are often too large to be fully displayed on mobile device screens [2]. To this end, [43] used 3D arrows to point towards the objects and by the side of the arrows, the information about distance and name of point objects was provided with text. The 3D arrows were semi-transparent for comfortable visual. City Lights [44] was another attempt to provide a lot of types of off-screen objects information in that direction. It placed along each of border of a window.“Halo” [45] and zooming [46] are two popular methods used in map navigation task, where zooming allows the user to continuously move in and out of level of detail by using distance to the plane, and “Halo” represented off-screen locations as abstract “streetlamps” with their lights on the map. The map was overlaid with translucent arcs, indicating the location of off-screen places. Each arc was part of a circular ring that surrounds one of the off-screen locations. The arcs on the map allowed viewers to recognize the missing off-screen parts, and let viewers understand its position in space well enough to know the location of the off-screen targets. [46] compared user performance between “Halo” and zooming methods. Their work shows that ``Halo" is helpful for low numbers of distracting targets, and zooming helps independently of the number of distracters. They hence suggest that the interface can combine the effect of these two methods, so that the joint performance keeps the desirable feature of the individual performance.

2.5 3-Dimensional Object Presentation

To visualize 3D model on mobile devices, Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) and Extensible 3D(X3D) allow a content developer to re-use a large collection of existing Web-Based 3D worlds in the mobile context and develop content for different platforms with the same tools [47]. For location-aware presentation of VRML contents on mobile devices, the user interface was divided into two parts: an upper area where the actual 3D world was visualized and a lower area providing status information and tools for users to navigate the 3D world, setting the system and moving the viewpoint [47]. [48,49] used an integrated camera to visually track physical mobile interaction. [48] provided a 3D interface which can track the movement of a target by analyzing the video stream of the handheld computer camera. The position of the target can directly be inferred from the color-codes that are printed on it [48]. [49] proposed an interaction technique that uses the position of the mobile device in relation to a tracked point as input, as it is believed that the possibility of using mixed interaction spaces is what distinguishes camera-based interaction from other types of sensor-based interaction on mobile devices.

2.6 Calendar Presentation

Showed an interesting fisheye calendar interface called DataLens on PDAs. On the interface[50,51], users could first have an overview of a large time period with a graphical representation of each day's activities. Then, users could tap on any day to expand the area representing that day and reveal the list of appointments in context [51]. The “semantic zooming” approach used in DataLens was utilized to visually represent objects differently depending on how much space is available for displaying. The graphical views were scaled to fit the available space, while the textual views used a constant-sized font, and the text was clipped to fit in the available space [51]. On the DataLens, four views (tiny view, agenda view, full day view, and appointment detail) are available.

There were also some work to explore the visualization of quantitative information on mobile devices. [52] used bars with colors to present negative and positive values, instead of splitting the scarce screen space into two smaller areas.

2.7 Database Presentation

Current approaches for desktop-based database interfaces fall into two categories, i.e., visual interfaces and keyword-based interfaces [53]. In the visual database interface category, visual query specification interfaces (e.g., QBE [54] and XQBE [55]) and forms-based query interfaces (e.g., GRIDS system [56] and FoXQ system [57]) have both received considerable attentions. In the keyword-based interface category, designers equip database systems with an IR-style keyword-based search interface and the systems automatically discover and display the hidden semantic structures that the keyword query carries [53].

However, for mobile devices with a much smaller display, users may feel too heavy and even unreadable when presented with a complete query result satisfying a query condition at one time, calling for new database presentation strategies in the mobile domain. [58] thus conducted a study on how to selectively and dynamically present database contents on small screens. Five selection strategies, namely, Context-based Selection, Context-Cluster-based Selection, Attribute-Cluster-based Selection, Frequency-Based Selection, and Recent Frequency-Based Selection, were designed in order to choose the most potentially useful attributes to be displayed on the screen. The two well-developed methods, i.e., leading format and serializing format for dynamically displaying database query results on small screens were employed. The five methods on both synthetic data and real data were evaluated. The context-based and context-cluster-based strategies were superior over the rest according to the average selection accuracy, while the context-based approach also cost the least selection time. The majority of the users in the experiment found the serial display manner more comfortable and helpful than the leading display manner to get their wanted information from the screen.

further designed a graphical database interface for mobile devices. In this method[59], as soon as a connection was made, the relations in the database were displayed on their interface. Initially, only “top-level” relations were shown, and for the sake of conserving screen space, a nested relation structure was imposed on non-nested database systems. On the interface, users could select any number of relations, and display all the possible join paths between them. The resulting join was displayed on an auxiliary screen, which showed the actual SQL query and the actual answer set for that query [59].

3 Information Presentation via Audio Channel

Given the hard-handling and limited screens, it is beneficial to make use of the speech channel of mobile devices. [60] illustrated a comprehensive list of reasons for audio output. First, voice is portrayed as the most naturalistic way to interact with a system, so speech interface is more natural for interaction. Second, speech interface helps increase interaction efficiency, because speech is faster than any other common communication method like typing and writing. Third, voice interaction avoids “hand-busy” and “eye-busy” operations which happen to the visual interface. Fourth, people tend to think that telephony network is often more trustworthiness than Web. Finally, speech interface can serve as a good input manner, where speech recognition avoids password input [60]. Ease-of-use and the speed of interaction are the two most important requirements for voice interface, and voice interface must be an integral part of the whole user interface of the device, but should not be overused due to the miss-recognition [61].

evaluated reading performance on mobile devices for both a handheld visual display and a speech-synthesis audio display. They found that the audio interface allowed users to better navigate their environment. These findings suggest that users may benefit from an audio display[62]. designed a multi-lingual speaker-dependent voice dialing user interface, which could support speech recognition and speech synthesis[61]. Users need not train the voice tag, and the interface system can generate the tag automatically. [63] offered a speech interface model, where users can use a single personalized speech interface to access all services and applications. This approach decreased the misunderstanding and miss-recognition of multiple appliances.

4 Information Presentation via Tactile Channel

Apart from visual and audio channels, tactile sensation can also be explored for information presentation. The experiments done in [64] showed that a touch-based user interface can provide the elderly an easy-to-learn user interface paradigm. In addition, by tactile feedback, we can reduce possible mobile interaction mistakes, since audio feedback is difficult to apply when the environment is noisy, and visual feedback is also difficult as users have to pay much attention to others and the screen is small. In face, users can feel the vibration with their fingers as they press the screen [65]. [66] did text entry experiments and showed that users with tactile user interface could enter significantly more text, made fewer errors, and corrected more errors they did make.

used paper metaphor to design the switching of scrolling and editing operations[67], where a touch sensor is attached to a PDA. In map or Web browser, when a user does not touch sensor, the screen scrolls according to the movement of the pen when dragging, and when touching, the screen does not scroll and edit while dragging. In the photograph browser, when the user does not touch the sensor, the screen also scrolls the photograph, but when touching, if dragging the pen upward, the photograph is zoomed in; and if downward, the photograph is zoomed out. Dragging the pen left to right invokes clockwise rotation, and right to left invokes counter clockwise rotation [67].

Sometimes, it is necessary to switch among different user interaction modes on mobile devices. [68] outlined five switching ways between ink and gesture modes for a pen interface. Those mode switching techniques are “Pressing Barrel Button”, “Press and Hold”, “Using Non-Preferred Hand”, “Pressure-Based Mode Switching” and “Using the Eraser End of a Pen” [68].

5 Others

Except the above approaches, researches tried some novel methods to help mobile interface design. Considering that users often repeat certain tasks when they use mobile phone, [26] used shortcuts for these repetitive tasks. Some methods of producing shortcuts are evaluated, such as last performed, most frequent, C4.5 decision tree, Native-Bayes Base, and etc. They illustrated that the hybrid approach combining frequency and Native-Bayes approaches exhibits potentials for mobile device user interface.

6 Conclusion

In this survey paper, we gave an overview of recently developed techniques for mobile information presentation through the visual, audio, and tactile channels of mobile devices. The multiple presentation strategies compromise with each other to contribute the easy and convenient use of mobile devices.

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展示技術(shù)范文第3篇

第6屆手機(jī)國際展會(huì)于3月26-28日在北京舉行。此次展會(huì)以“亞洲和手機(jī)通信”為主題，吸引了眾多手機(jī)產(chǎn)業(yè)的中外相關(guān)企業(yè)參展，其中，日本廠商多達(dá)50家，村田制作所(muRata)就是其中之一。該公司主要展示的是泛網(wǎng)通信和汽車電子產(chǎn)品。另外，最令人注目的是具有鮮明特色的、集其優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)品與技術(shù)于一身的產(chǎn)物，即會(huì)騎自行車的機(jī)器人――村田頑童。

村田制作所的工程師演示了村田頑童的獨(dú)特技藝：以超低速在平衡木上行駛而不會(huì)倒下，平衡木的寬度與村田頑童的車輪相同。它不倒的原因在于配置在鞍形支架下的陀螺傳感器，只要感覺到一絲晃動(dòng)，就會(huì)檢測出車體的傾斜，一旦檢測出自行車的傾斜，即通過旋轉(zhuǎn)村田頑童心中的大輻板，產(chǎn)生消除傾斜的力。如此反復(fù)，以調(diào)節(jié)平衡。通過收發(fā)命令的藍(lán)牙模塊、用于電眼照相機(jī)的透光性陶瓷透鏡、電池、電源模塊、電容器、電磁干擾濾波器等部件，以及該公司的控制技術(shù)、電路設(shè)計(jì)方法、軟件工具等實(shí)現(xiàn)了這種能力。所以，村田頑童是該公司優(yōu)勢技術(shù)與產(chǎn)品的整和產(chǎn)物。其中，最為突出的就是陶瓷電容器、陀螺傳感器、噪聲消除元器件和藍(lán)牙模塊。目前，村田制作所的陶瓷電容器已經(jīng)占據(jù)35％的全球市場份額，噪聲消除元器件也有30%的市場占有率。此外，其藍(lán)牙模塊也在手機(jī)中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用，并且開始計(jì)劃向在過去兩年里創(chuàng)造了便攜式音頻播放器市場神話的iPod方向發(fā)展。

村田制作所還以“車體控制、安全、舒適、信息化”為切入點(diǎn)，重點(diǎn)介紹了其在汽車市場上的綜合應(yīng)對能力以及產(chǎn)品和技術(shù)，特別是傳感器，該公司將主要面向汽車間距感測、氣囊等安全系統(tǒng)力推新品。同時(shí)，車身控制和導(dǎo)航應(yīng)用也是其傳感器的重點(diǎn)發(fā)展方向。該公司的振動(dòng)陀螺傳感器采用壓電陶瓷制造，并融合了最新的MEMS技術(shù)，通過獨(dú)特的振蕩子結(jié)構(gòu)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了較強(qiáng)的抗振和抗沖擊能力，結(jié)合其穩(wěn)定的溫度特性，可為汽車導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)的高性能化提供保證。

另外，實(shí)現(xiàn)泛網(wǎng)通信也是村田制作所一直追求的目標(biāo)，特別是以手機(jī)、DVD錄像機(jī)、筆記本電腦等信息家電為中心，集中展示了他們的相關(guān)產(chǎn)品和技術(shù)。該公司在移動(dòng)通信用濾波器的小型化方面具有一定的特色。它們的GIGAFIL介質(zhì)濾波器與初期型號產(chǎn)品相比，實(shí)現(xiàn)了1/2000的小型化。而為將同樣的功能從介質(zhì)濾波器轉(zhuǎn)換到表面波(SAW)濾波器而開發(fā)的SAW收發(fā)器具有更小的體積，順應(yīng)了移動(dòng)電話小型化的發(fā)展潮流。

村田制作所企劃管理集團(tuán)宣傳部部長大島幸男表示：“我們今后將有3個(gè)重點(diǎn)發(fā)展方向，即無線通信、傳感器和節(jié)能。此次展出的產(chǎn)品和技術(shù)，特別是村田頑童，對整個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域都有很大的應(yīng)用和借鑒價(jià)值?！?/p>

展示技術(shù)范文第4篇

【關(guān)鍵詞】博物館 數(shù)字化展覽 展示技術(shù)

博物館是國家和地區(qū)進(jìn)行文化和文物保護(hù)的重要途徑，其作用主要體現(xiàn)在對文物的展示以及相關(guān)知識的教育和傳播上。博物館作為人類社會(huì)中的一種文化傳播形式，其特點(diǎn)也在隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展而不斷發(fā)生著深刻的變化。近年來數(shù)字技術(shù)的發(fā)展為博物館的功能完善提供了有效的途徑和良好的工具。數(shù)字技術(shù)在博物館建設(shè)管理中的應(yīng)用不僅提高了展覽的觀賞性、藝術(shù)性，還能使各項(xiàng)工作的組織更加的協(xié)調(diào)、安全、有序，為參觀者帶來更好的感官享受，同時(shí)也進(jìn)一步提高文化宣傳和教育的效果。博物館的數(shù)字化展示主要是通過算機(jī)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用將博物館中的實(shí)體文物轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的虛擬信息，參觀者可以根據(jù)自己的需求選擇合適的信息進(jìn)行瀏覽，這樣不僅提高了博物館的工作效率，還能更好的體現(xiàn)服務(wù)的人性化和多樣化，完善了博物館的功能。

1 博物館展示設(shè)計(jì)的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展

博物館興起于18世紀(jì)的工業(yè)革命以后。在當(dāng)時(shí)人們已經(jīng)初步認(rèn)識到了博物館對文化教育與宣傳的作用，并開始利用博物館進(jìn)行一些歷史文化知識的學(xué)習(xí)。博物館在發(fā)展初期主要發(fā)揮了教育功能。為了更好的擴(kuò)大其影響，很多博物館逐漸將藏品與存儲藏品的庫房進(jìn)行分開設(shè)置，這樣就能騰出更多的空間進(jìn)行藏品的展示。這就是最初的博物館展示。從20世紀(jì)初期開始，博物館的發(fā)展方式開始產(chǎn)生一定的變化。自然科學(xué)博物館首先在英國出現(xiàn)。這種博物館改變了傳統(tǒng)的藏品陳列方式，在傳統(tǒng)的文字說明基礎(chǔ)上開始增加了相應(yīng)的圖片、圖解以及模型對藏品進(jìn)行更加深入的介紹。隨后，英國的自然科學(xué)博物館又最早開始使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的博物館陳列柜，并對陳列柜的材質(zhì)進(jìn)行了嚴(yán)格的篩選，以確保更大的儲物空間[1]。到了21世紀(jì)，博物館的發(fā)展向著更加多樣化、人性化和數(shù)字化的方向發(fā)展。博物館屬于社會(huì)的非盈利機(jī)構(gòu)，其主要的功能是向大眾展示一些文物以及這些文物背后所包含的文化意蘊(yùn)和內(nèi)涵。博物館中的藏品不僅是歷史遺跡，也是人類文明發(fā)展的見證?，F(xiàn)代博物館博物館的建設(shè)還是一門綜合性的學(xué)科，結(jié)合了心理學(xué)、建筑學(xué)、美學(xué)等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域。博物館還具有很強(qiáng)的研究和學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值，是信息交流和傳播的重要途徑。與此同時(shí)，博物館也是權(quán)威的機(jī)構(gòu)，能夠?yàn)榇蟊娞峁┳顬閷I(yè)性的文物知識，因此，博物館也具有普及教育的功能。

2 博物館展示的特點(diǎn)

2.1 博物館展示信息傳遞的載體

進(jìn)行博物館展示設(shè)計(jì)的主要目的是為了促進(jìn)信息傳遞的效果和效率。從這一層面上來說，展示設(shè)計(jì)的實(shí)質(zhì)是一種信息傳播的媒介。信息的傳播是需要有一個(gè)完善的系統(tǒng)的，并不是簡單的信息接收和傳遞，在這一過程中還需要對信息進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的處理和加工。而展示設(shè)計(jì)就是通過各種媒體的應(yīng)用為信息的傳遞創(chuàng)建這樣一個(gè)體系，并引導(dǎo)參觀者參與到信息傳播的過程中，以體驗(yàn)的方式對信息進(jìn)行直觀的感受。計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)以及信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展使得數(shù)字技術(shù)成為了博物館信息傳播過程中的重要環(huán)節(jié)。當(dāng)前許多新建成的博物館都是數(shù)字技術(shù)與信息技術(shù)結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物，在實(shí)際應(yīng)用的過程中也展現(xiàn)出了良好的效果。

2.2 博物館展示設(shè)計(jì)是多學(xué)科交叉的綜合體

現(xiàn)代的博物館展示設(shè)計(jì)是多個(gè)學(xué)科交叉綜合的產(chǎn)物，其中涉及的學(xué)科包括傳播學(xué)、建筑學(xué)、美學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)等。現(xiàn)代博物館將藝術(shù)與科技進(jìn)行了完美的融合，有效的汲取了各個(gè)學(xué)科的精髓，又在此基礎(chǔ)上形成了其自身的特點(diǎn)和發(fā)展規(guī)律。

2.3 博物館展示的交互性

展示是博物館進(jìn)行知識和文化傳播的主要途徑，也是實(shí)現(xiàn)與參觀者互動(dòng)的一種方式。要形成良好互動(dòng)的關(guān)鍵在于溝通的有效性。要形成一個(gè)良好的溝通，必須滿足三個(gè)要求。首先，信息必須有良好的針對性。面對不同的溝通對象時(shí)，所采用的信息內(nèi)容和形式也是有所不同的。其次，在信息溝通的過程中需要根據(jù)反饋對信息進(jìn)行及時(shí)的調(diào)整。最后，溝通的過程必須是雙向的，只有這樣才能確保良好的溝通效果。在進(jìn)行博物館的展示設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，首先要考慮的是信息溝通的對象是誰，其次需要根據(jù)溝通的對象選擇合適的溝通方式，以達(dá)到理想的溝通效果，實(shí)現(xiàn)信息與參與者之間良好的互動(dòng)。

3 博物館展覽方式的類型和設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)

3.1 從觀眾感官行為上分類

從感官上劃分，博物館的類型可以分為視覺符號的傳遞以及聽覺符號的傳遞兩種類型。博物館中有很多藏品都是通過視覺信息進(jìn)行傳遞的，包括圖片、文字、雕塑、視頻等。除了視覺符號外，聽覺符號也是博物館中信息傳遞的重要方式之一，例如許多藏品前都會(huì)有語音提示，這是通過紅外裝置感知參觀者的位置，當(dāng)參觀者位于展示品的附近時(shí)就能自動(dòng)產(chǎn)生語音提示。多種形式的感官符號極大的豐富了信息傳遞的途徑，也能提高展品展示的效果。

3.2 從展示內(nèi)容上分類

博物館的展示內(nèi)容主要有兩種類型，分別是實(shí)體展品為中心以及媒介信息為中心的展覽方式。以實(shí)體展品為中心的展覽方式是最為傳統(tǒng)的。這種展覽方式將展品以最客觀直接的方式呈現(xiàn)在參觀者面前，沒有過多的說明，觀眾主要通過對展品的觀察和欣賞來形成自己對展品的理解。當(dāng)前，我國大多是博物館仍然采用這種傳統(tǒng)的展覽方式。這種展覽方式的特點(diǎn)是展品以實(shí)物為主，在展覽的過程中展品就是重點(diǎn)和中心。這種展覽方式能夠充分的體現(xiàn)展品自身的價(jià)值和意義，并將展品內(nèi)涵以最完整、原始的方式呈現(xiàn)出來。觀眾通過視覺、聽覺等感官對展品進(jìn)行直觀的感受。

第二種展覽方式是以媒介信息為中心的展覽方式。信息技術(shù)、數(shù)字技術(shù)的發(fā)展使得網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺在博物館中的應(yīng)用日益廣泛，同時(shí)也為媒介信息為中心的展覽方式發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ)。通過數(shù)字媒體技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，能夠?yàn)閰⒂^者建立一個(gè)既具有空間引導(dǎo)意義，又具有信息自動(dòng)展示的綜合服務(wù)系統(tǒng)。隨著信息技術(shù)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展和普及，信息技術(shù)在未來也將成為博物館建設(shè)過程中的核心技術(shù)。博物館本身作為信息傳播的重要方式，也具有很大的價(jià)值，以媒介信息為中心的展覽方式在實(shí)體展品的基礎(chǔ)上提供了更加豐富的展示形式，能夠更好的體現(xiàn)出博物館的文化底蘊(yùn)，凸顯博物館的教育意義。

3.3 從物的表現(xiàn)方式上分類

物的表現(xiàn)方式有很多種，主要的類型包括劇情發(fā)展展覽方式、場景陳列展覽方式、形式對比展覽方式、重點(diǎn)陳列展覽方式、聚集陳列展覽方式等。這幾種展覽方式各有其特點(diǎn)。劇情展覽方式是將整個(gè)博物館的展覽過程看成一個(gè)開端、發(fā)展、、結(jié)尾的劇情發(fā)展過程[3]。簡單的來說，劇情發(fā)展展覽方式就是將展品通過講故事的方式介紹給觀眾。這種展覽方式不僅顯得邏輯清晰有條理，而且具有較強(qiáng)的趣味性，能夠幫助參觀者對博物館的展品形成系統(tǒng)性的了解。一般歷史革命博物館、地方志博物館都會(huì)采用這種展覽方式，將歷史事件通過劇情的方式串聯(lián)起來，讓參觀者根據(jù)一定的時(shí)間或邏輯順序進(jìn)行參觀。

第二種是場景陳列展覽方式。這種展覽方式一般是通過選取某一事件，采用雕塑、模型等方式進(jìn)行展品的展示。選取出來的事件一般具有較強(qiáng)的代表性，對參觀者有較大的吸引力和感染力。例如，大慶石油博物館就選取了“王進(jìn)喜打井”這一耳熟能詳?shù)氖录?，以王進(jìn)喜打井的工具以及其日常生活中的工具作為主要的陳列對象，將當(dāng)時(shí)打井的景象進(jìn)行了重現(xiàn)，并通過聲、光、電等效果進(jìn)行藝術(shù)的渲染。

第三種展覽方式是形式Ρ日估婪絞健3S玫畝員確絞槳括古今對比、新舊對比、色彩對比等方式。這種對比的展示形式能夠給觀眾留下更加直觀的感受和深刻的印象。大英博物館在進(jìn)行雕塑的展示時(shí)就采用了這種方式，通過巨型雕塑和小型浮雕的對比讓參觀者感受到展品的魅力。

第四種展覽方式是重點(diǎn)陳列展覽方式。這種展覽方式一般應(yīng)用于主題博物館的展示上，展覽的過程圍繞一個(gè)主題展開，根據(jù)主題突出展示的重點(diǎn)。例如，常州的中華恐龍園博物館就采用了重點(diǎn)陳列展覽的方式，將恐龍作為展示的重點(diǎn)，根據(jù)不同時(shí)代、不同類型對展品進(jìn)行了分類。

3.4 從交互方式上分類

博物館在與觀眾進(jìn)行溝通時(shí)最重要的手段是展品的展示，而交互作為信息溝通的主要渠道，承擔(dān)著主要的信息傳達(dá)功能。信息的傳遞是由傳遞對象、傳遞渠道、雙向溝通這三個(gè)方面組成的。在進(jìn)行博物館的設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)需要從人、物、場景、時(shí)空這幾個(gè)方面入手，做好這幾個(gè)方面要素的協(xié)調(diào)與統(tǒng)籌，為參觀者提供多感官的體驗(yàn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)與信息的積極互動(dòng)。博物館的信息傳遞并不是簡單的信息收發(fā)，而是具備信息處理和調(diào)整功能的互動(dòng)式傳遞。強(qiáng)調(diào)交互式的信息傳遞方式能夠?qū)⒁酝哉蛊窞橹鞯谋粍?dòng)參觀模式轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐詤⒂^者需求為主體的主動(dòng)參觀模式，更好的調(diào)動(dòng)參觀者主動(dòng)參與的意識。例如，上海的科技博物館建造了一個(gè)可以模擬地震效果的電動(dòng)盒子，置于這個(gè)盒子中可以讓觀眾身臨其境的體會(huì)到不同震級地震的感受，這種直觀的體會(huì)比大量的文字和圖解演說更加的有效。

第二種類型是空間交互展覽方式。博物館的展示空間分為實(shí)體空間、虛擬空間、心理空間等三個(gè)方面。通過對博物館的空間進(jìn)行劃分可以引起參觀者在心理上的變化，從而與展覽的環(huán)境形成一定的互動(dòng)，建立一定的聯(lián)系。人與環(huán)境的互動(dòng)可以加強(qiáng)環(huán)境在人心理上的感染力。

第三種形式是數(shù)字智能交互展覽的方式。數(shù)字技術(shù)的應(yīng)用催生了一系列數(shù)字博物館的產(chǎn)生，如虛擬博物館、網(wǎng)絡(luò)博物館等。數(shù)字博物館為參觀者提供了更大的選擇空間，他們可以根據(jù)自己的需求和喜好選擇合適的參觀方式。在數(shù)字博物館中，用戶也能得到與實(shí)體博物館中相類似的感官體驗(yàn)，可以說數(shù)字博物館是對實(shí)體博物館的一種重要的補(bǔ)充，而且在過程上更加的便捷、快速。

4 博物館中數(shù)字化展示技術(shù)的應(yīng)用研究

4.1 靜態(tài)平面數(shù)字展示技術(shù)

靜態(tài)平面數(shù)字展示技術(shù)一般是借助照相機(jī)、掃描儀等設(shè)備對博物館里的實(shí)體展品進(jìn)行拍攝或掃描，然后通過處理軟件對相應(yīng)的圖像進(jìn)行裁剪、修改與美化處理，最后將其轉(zhuǎn)化為數(shù)字圖像信息。在博物館展覽中，靜態(tài)平面數(shù)字展示技術(shù)的具體應(yīng)用包括：（1）博物館可以借助靜態(tài)平面數(shù)字展示技術(shù)將一些展品更加清洗的呈現(xiàn)在觀眾面前；（2）數(shù)字展示技術(shù)可以解決實(shí)物展覽中的一些缺陷和不足，大大增加博物館資源的利用率；（3）由于一些非常珍貴的物品極易受到空氣的氧化從而出現(xiàn)破壞，此時(shí)可以借助該技術(shù)有效解決問題。

4.2 靜態(tài)立體數(shù)字展示技術(shù)

博物館展覽中通過靜態(tài)立體數(shù)字展示技術(shù)可以對館藏資源進(jìn)行有效的呈現(xiàn)，其一般可以借助三維軟件對藏品進(jìn)行實(shí)物建模，隨后通過Maya、3DMAX等計(jì)算機(jī)處理軟件對立方體、球體等常見幾何元素進(jìn)行針對性的平移、旋轉(zhuǎn)、拉伸等操作，進(jìn)而構(gòu)建出一個(gè)所需要的立體場景。通過專門的設(shè)備儀器對展品的具體結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的測量，對每個(gè)展品的表面采樣點(diǎn)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的采集，從而獲取三維空間坐標(biāo)，通過數(shù)字化可以實(shí)現(xiàn)展品立體化數(shù)字展示。靜態(tài)立體數(shù)字展示技術(shù)與多種數(shù)字化圖形處理技術(shù)結(jié)合在一起，可以將一些傳統(tǒng)幾何建模更加逼真的呈現(xiàn)出來。

4.3 動(dòng)態(tài)平面的數(shù)字展示技術(shù)

動(dòng)態(tài)平面技術(shù)主要有數(shù)字化平面交互技術(shù)、數(shù)字化二維動(dòng)畫技術(shù)、數(shù)字化影視媒體技術(shù)。其中FLASH動(dòng)畫是數(shù)字化二維動(dòng)畫技術(shù)最為典型的技術(shù)；Authorware是數(shù)字化平面交互技術(shù)中較為典型的技術(shù)。越來越多的博物館開始對自身的網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行不斷的補(bǔ)充和完善，從而將一些無法展示的展品借助投影、觸摸屏等數(shù)字展示技術(shù)更好的呈現(xiàn)在觀眾面前，進(jìn)一步增加館內(nèi)資源的科普教育、教學(xué)展示。

4.4 動(dòng)態(tài)空間的數(shù)字展示技術(shù)

動(dòng)態(tài)空間主要是指三維數(shù)字動(dòng)畫技術(shù)，其一般是借助計(jì)算機(jī)軟件設(shè)置和設(shè)定展品的尺寸，從而構(gòu)建出展品的三維立體模型。然后還可以根據(jù)展品的實(shí)際情況來設(shè)定模型的攝像頭、運(yùn)行軌跡、展示場景及光線材質(zhì)，最終就可以得到我們所需要的三維立體動(dòng)畫。目前，常見的3D軟件主要有Maya和3DMax，其一般是借助三維數(shù)字動(dòng)畫技術(shù)來講館藏中一些實(shí)物展品信息更好的呈現(xiàn)在觀眾面前，以達(dá)到預(yù)期的展覽效果。

5 結(jié)語

在21世紀(jì)的今天，數(shù)字技術(shù)與網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的結(jié)合在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的應(yīng)用日益廣泛，數(shù)字技術(shù)強(qiáng)大的虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)功能能夠在網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間中為用戶提供仿真的三維展示效果，將實(shí)體展示與虛擬展示有效的結(jié)合起來，為博物館的發(fā)展開辟了新的方向。

參考文獻(xiàn)：

[1]嚴(yán)允.博物館中的數(shù)字化展覽及展示技術(shù)研究[J].文藝生活?文藝?yán)碚摚?015（08）：35-37.

展示技術(shù)范文第5篇

申請?zhí)枺?01410138359.5

類型：發(fā)明

申請人：北京威爾泰特?cái)?shù)控設(shè)備有限公司

項(xiàng)目簡介

法蘭（Flange），又叫法蘭凸緣盤，凡是在兩個(gè)平面周邊使用螺栓連接同時(shí)封閉的連接零件，一般都稱為“法蘭”。法蘭盤是在生產(chǎn)生活中大量使用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件之一。我國是世界上主要的法蘭盤生產(chǎn)地，具有龐大的產(chǎn)業(yè)群，其中北京威爾泰特?cái)?shù)控設(shè)備有限公司可提供自主研發(fā)的數(shù)控法蘭盤專用機(jī)床，用于法蘭盤的高效率生產(chǎn)，提升生產(chǎn)企業(yè)在行業(yè)的競爭力。

北京威爾泰特?cái)?shù)控設(shè)備有限公司是專業(yè)從事高效率數(shù)控專用機(jī)床研發(fā)、制造的公司，是新型的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新企業(yè)，為制造業(yè)提供合適的裝備。經(jīng)過多年的發(fā)展，公司取得了系列優(yōu)異成績，也得到了政府的認(rèn)可與支持，技術(shù)研發(fā)實(shí)力強(qiáng)大。

該公司發(fā)明的法蘭盤制造裝置，在以計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)字控制（CNC）系統(tǒng)為核心、集成自動(dòng)化控制技術(shù)的電氣控制系統(tǒng)控制下完成法蘭盤零件所需的全部機(jī)械加工內(nèi)容，并在法蘭盤的外圓打印相應(yīng)的標(biāo)識。相較于傳統(tǒng)的制造方法，具有以下優(yōu)勢：1、工藝緊湊，減少設(shè)備數(shù)量。在一臺設(shè)備上即可完成原來需要5臺以上的設(shè)備才能完成的工作；2、機(jī)械加工車間廠房需求減少，節(jié)省廠房建設(shè)投資；3、減少工人數(shù)量，大幅度降低人工成本；4、大幅度降低工人勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度；5、易于實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)工人看守多臺設(shè)備，進(jìn)一步降低人工成本；6、設(shè)備適合 24 小時(shí)連續(xù)工作，有利于產(chǎn)量的穩(wěn)定提高；7、節(jié)省能源；8、減少工序間物流轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)成本以及減少工序間轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)造成的工件損壞；9、提高工件加工精度；10、提高工件質(zhì)量的一致性。

近年來，研制成功的多種類型設(shè)備的實(shí)際應(yīng)用，有力地促進(jìn)了回轉(zhuǎn)支承以及風(fēng)力發(fā)電軸承制造技術(shù)的發(fā)展，提升高精度軸承的制造能力，形成了多項(xiàng)專用技術(shù)。

面對不斷發(fā)展的科技產(chǎn)業(yè)，該公司將繼續(xù)秉持著“艱苦奮斗、務(wù)真求實(shí)、能拼善創(chuàng)、追求卓越”的核心精神，以“優(yōu)質(zhì)、高效、誠信、共贏”的理念，保持國內(nèi)領(lǐng)先地位，打造法蘭盤制造行業(yè)的民族品牌。

合作方式：技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓；技術(shù)許可；創(chuàng)業(yè)融資；股權(quán)融資

一種可調(diào)式限流節(jié)水水龍頭

專利號：ZL 201420081413.2

類型：實(shí)用新型

專利權(quán)人：李連慶

項(xiàng)目簡介

現(xiàn)在大部分工廠及公共場所安裝在洗手盤上的水龍頭手柄，開關(guān)活動(dòng)角度是在90°―360°，這些水龍頭出水量大。其實(shí)洗手時(shí)往往不需要如此大的出水量，加上人們“一開即開最大”的使用習(xí)慣，又或者是在擦洗手液時(shí)也不關(guān)閉水龍頭，導(dǎo)致洗手過程中50%左右的水是浪費(fèi)掉的。市面上有不少出水量較小、可節(jié)約用水的感應(yīng)式及延時(shí)式等水龍頭，但這些水龍頭的價(jià)格都比較昂貴，且后續(xù)維修量大，一般工廠及公共場所安裝后較容易損壞。

該發(fā)明人針對現(xiàn)在工廠及公共場所的實(shí)際使用情況及人們的使用習(xí)慣，經(jīng)過多年實(shí)踐研究，研發(fā)了一種適用于工廠和一些公共場所的可以控制水龍頭最大出水量的可調(diào)式限流節(jié)水水龍頭。主要是由水龍頭本體、水龍頭柱、節(jié)水環(huán)、固環(huán)螺絲和水龍頭扳手構(gòu)成，水龍頭柱與水龍頭本體固定連接，節(jié)水環(huán)呈環(huán)狀，節(jié)水環(huán)設(shè)有上固環(huán)螺絲的螺絲孔和一凹口朝上的節(jié)水環(huán)凹槽，節(jié)水環(huán)套在水龍頭柱上，水龍頭扳手設(shè)在水龍頭柱的上方，水龍頭扳手的下部設(shè)有卡在節(jié)水環(huán)凹槽里的扳手凸頭。固環(huán)螺絲為六角螺絲，與固環(huán)螺絲嵌合的固環(huán)螺絲刀呈“L”形。節(jié)水環(huán)外徑為30mm，節(jié)水環(huán)凹槽深度為1.3mm。

該水龍頭的特點(diǎn)為：1、每個(gè)水龍頭可按當(dāng)時(shí)使用情況而調(diào)節(jié)出水量，做到按需給水，也可用于臨時(shí)關(guān)閉（如維修或防止小孩玩水時(shí)）；2、平行出水量。如：一排并列幾個(gè)或多個(gè)水龍頭同時(shí)使用的、前面的出水量可調(diào)小一些，避免前面的很大水，后面的很小水或無水；3、調(diào)節(jié)方便，松開固環(huán)螺絲后，便可以調(diào)節(jié)節(jié)水環(huán)，讓節(jié)水環(huán)圍繞水龍頭柱水平轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，來設(shè)定扳手凸頭可以轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的最大值，也就是設(shè)定水龍頭扳手能打開到最大的狀態(tài)（最大出水量），最大的狀態(tài)可以根據(jù)客戶的不同需要、不同場合來自由設(shè)定。很適用于工廠和一些公共場所，調(diào)節(jié)好節(jié)水環(huán)可以控制水龍頭的最大出水量，進(jìn)而達(dá)到強(qiáng)制性節(jié)約用水的目的。4、外表美觀，結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，生產(chǎn)方便，材料成本低，節(jié)水效果明顯，有利于廣泛推廣。

合作方式：技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓；許可生產(chǎn)

一種改良結(jié)構(gòu)的單缸雙作用往復(fù)式活塞泵

申請?zhí)枺?01310493644.4

類型：發(fā)明

申請人：鐘小玉

項(xiàng)目簡介

該活塞泵是在申請人多年實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)積累的基礎(chǔ)上研究發(fā)明而成，其優(yōu)點(diǎn)：泵體內(nèi)有自動(dòng)循環(huán)裝置，如果出口閥未打開或出口管道被堵死時(shí)，泵繼續(xù)在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，泵體內(nèi)的流體壓力繼續(xù)升高，升高到設(shè)定壓力或超過時(shí)，循環(huán)裝置會(huì)自動(dòng)打開，流體在活塞腔與進(jìn)口腔之間循環(huán)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，所以泵零件和電機(jī)不會(huì)超負(fù)荷或損壞，保證安全運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；進(jìn)、出口閥組件取消了彈簧、閥片，大大提高了進(jìn)、出口閥的使用壽命，噪音明顯降低，此改革在國內(nèi)屬于首創(chuàng)；自緊式密封結(jié)構(gòu)密封效果好，使用壽命長；往復(fù)式驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、磨擦少、能耗低、制造方便、材料省、造價(jià)低、安裝、修理方便，替代傳統(tǒng)的曲軸連桿傳動(dòng)，是往復(fù)傳動(dòng)的一項(xiàng)大改革；單缸雙作用能耗低，震動(dòng)少，噪音低，符合國家倡導(dǎo)的節(jié)能環(huán)保政策，一旦深入開發(fā)，廣泛應(yīng)用，將帶來良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)效益。

合作方式：技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓

人物簡介

該申請人鐘小玉畢業(yè)于浙江烏溪江化工學(xué)院，化工機(jī)械專業(yè)，50多年來一直從事本專業(yè)工作。在工作期間，多項(xiàng)改革都獲得良好的效果和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，如320公斤大氣壓的4M8K2高壓機(jī)油的冷卻裝置，離心機(jī)油的冷卻裝置離心泵的機(jī)械密封、320公斤大氣壓的循環(huán)壓縮機(jī)的無油等項(xiàng)目的改革，都取得了良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)效益。該申請人設(shè)計(jì)的單缸雙作用往復(fù)活塞泵（專利號：ZL201320647713.8）、自緊式密封結(jié)構(gòu)（專利號：ZL 201320647725.0）、 往復(fù)式驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置（專利號：ZL201320647670.3）都獲得了專利證書，且已公開。

空氣水農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)

專利號：ZL201320649843.5

類型：實(shí)用新型

專利權(quán)人：清華大學(xué) 北京田園蘭德科技有限責(zé)任公司

項(xiàng)目簡介

如果水資源短缺問題能夠得以解決，未來的沙漠地區(qū)可望變成人類的糧食和能源基地?？諝馑r(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)就是針對該問題設(shè)計(jì)的一個(gè)綜合考慮能量、水分和植物生長的可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)的原理是利用農(nóng)業(yè)溫室等設(shè)施防止植物蒸騰和蒸發(fā)的氣態(tài)水直接進(jìn)入大氣環(huán)境；利用氣態(tài)水回收裝置對農(nóng)業(yè)溫室及環(huán)境空氣中的氣態(tài)水進(jìn)行回收和液化，所得液態(tài)水再進(jìn)入農(nóng)田供作物生長。

該系統(tǒng)的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)是在田間尺度實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)用水的循環(huán)利用。其核心思想是利用局地環(huán)境中能量不平衡所造成的溫度差來直接利用空氣中的水汽和回收蒸發(fā)與蒸騰出來的農(nóng)業(yè)耗水，這樣可以在水資源消耗量極低的條件下完成農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。因此在未來的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，水資源有可能不再是一個(gè)限制因素。沙漠中的太陽能豐富，將太陽能生產(chǎn)與農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)相結(jié)合，可將沙漠變成農(nóng)業(yè)和能源生產(chǎn)新基地，從根本上解決目前存在的糧食安全和生態(tài)環(huán)境等問題。目前正在騰格里沙漠試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)和驗(yàn)證。該技術(shù)是由清華大學(xué)與北京田園蘭德科技有限責(zé)任公司聯(lián)合發(fā)明，清華大學(xué)目前由地球系統(tǒng)科學(xué)研究中心的喻朝慶負(fù)責(zé)，北京田園蘭德科技有限責(zé)任公司主要由尹華負(fù)責(zé)。

合作方式：創(chuàng)業(yè)融資

電話控制的電動(dòng)門鎖

專利號：ZL201420109205.9

類型：實(shí)用新型

專利權(quán)人：付方安

項(xiàng)目簡介

該鎖借助于手機(jī)電話這樣普及而又成熟和尖端的平臺，采用低端下崗的手機(jī)電話，作接收信號之用，操作簡單與正常使用手機(jī)電話一樣，稍加改裝處理，插上SIM電話卡、插上電源就行。利用手機(jī)電話接收到來電信號，經(jīng)處理芯片，驅(qū)動(dòng)繼電器開關(guān)，使微型電機(jī)開始工作。該鎖機(jī)機(jī)械部位最大特點(diǎn)是結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、無故障，抗縱向、橫向暴力強(qiáng)。其結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，機(jī)械強(qiáng)度高，無需鑰匙，無法從室外破解，安全性高，并且較為經(jīng)濟(jì)地實(shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程控制房門開，且已研制出二代模型。

合作方式：技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓、技術(shù)入股、面議

全功能護(hù)理床

專利號：ZL201320821882.9

類型：實(shí)用新型

專利權(quán)人：車以能

項(xiàng)目簡介

該全功能護(hù)理床是在申請人多年知識積累的基礎(chǔ)上，經(jīng)過多年實(shí)踐研究而得，主要由頭架、背架、臀板、腿板、腳板、底架和床身七大部分功能結(jié)構(gòu)組成。該護(hù)理床除了具有傳統(tǒng)電動(dòng)護(hù)理床的電控翻背、左右翻身、坐臥躺姿態(tài)調(diào)整、飯桌等功能之外，還具有電控便孔板開閉、便盆進(jìn)出、溫水噴淋清洗臀部、暖風(fēng)烘干臀部及相應(yīng)的音響報(bào)警提示功能，此外還可方便的實(shí)現(xiàn)洗頭、泡腳甚至洗澡。因此，該產(chǎn)品是一個(gè)功能全、傻瓜型的護(hù)理床，可為解決醫(yī)院、老人居家養(yǎng)老、癱患者、長期臥床者生存、健康、護(hù)理提供理想方案，很大地方便病患者及陪護(hù)人。

合作方式：專利權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓

通信基站發(fā)電機(jī)計(jì)時(shí)方法及裝置

專利號：ZL 201110274964.1

類型：發(fā)明

專利權(quán)人：李小平

項(xiàng)目簡介

該通信基站發(fā)電機(jī)計(jì)時(shí)裝置包括：第一接觸器、第二接觸器、發(fā)電機(jī)、基站用電設(shè)備、發(fā)電機(jī)啟動(dòng)熄火裝置、計(jì)時(shí)器、監(jiān)控設(shè)備、集中監(jiān)控機(jī)房，繼電器K1的線圈K1.1，其兩個(gè)常閉觸點(diǎn)為K1.2、K1.3，市電指示燈L1，故障指示燈L2，發(fā)電指示燈L3。

該發(fā)明的工作原理：外電斷電（停電）發(fā)電人員啟動(dòng)發(fā)電機(jī)發(fā)電時(shí)，發(fā)電計(jì)時(shí)器開始計(jì)時(shí)，當(dāng)外電接通后（來電），發(fā)電計(jì)時(shí)器停止計(jì)時(shí)。通過安裝基站發(fā)電計(jì)時(shí)器，準(zhǔn)確統(tǒng)計(jì)出基站實(shí)際發(fā)電時(shí)長，每月通過發(fā)電計(jì)時(shí)器統(tǒng)計(jì)的發(fā)電時(shí)長與發(fā)電人員登記的發(fā)電時(shí)長對比，對發(fā)電人員超出發(fā)電計(jì)時(shí)器統(tǒng)計(jì)時(shí)長部分不予結(jié)算。該發(fā)明通過繼電器和計(jì)時(shí)器實(shí)現(xiàn)了在市電斷電后對發(fā)電機(jī)實(shí)際發(fā)電時(shí)間計(jì)時(shí)的功能，達(dá)到了及時(shí)、準(zhǔn)確掌握實(shí)際發(fā)電情況的目的，有效的控制了代維人員瞞報(bào)虛報(bào)發(fā)電時(shí)間以及發(fā)電人員在市電來電后油機(jī)仍然運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)致的油料浪費(fèi)，降低了基站發(fā)電費(fèi)用成本。

合作方式：技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓

一種溫度實(shí)時(shí)顯示式手機(jī)

專利號：ZL201420020780.1

類型：實(shí)用新型

專利權(quán)人：陳述尚

項(xiàng)目簡介

該多功能手機(jī)屬于新型功能結(jié)構(gòu)的移動(dòng)電話系列，其創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)：通過在人們?nèi)粘Ｊ褂玫氖謾C(jī)頂端中嵌入式設(shè)置溫度傳感器以感測手機(jī)所處地點(diǎn)的環(huán)境溫度，并將信號傳遞給信號處理單元，信號處理單元經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)換后通過電路板傳送給處理芯片，在人們按下手機(jī)按鍵中的確認(rèn)鍵打開手機(jī)屏幕時(shí)，顯示屏閃亮的同時(shí)將顯示出儲存的數(shù)字溫度。該技術(shù)具有以下優(yōu)勢：一是無需使用溫度計(jì)等工具，即可知道當(dāng)前地點(diǎn)、當(dāng)前時(shí)刻的溫度；二是隨時(shí)隨地打開手機(jī)即能看到實(shí)時(shí)溫度，方便實(shí)用、快捷簡便；三是產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，原理可靠，制造成本低；四是顯示溫度速度快，準(zhǔn)確度高，集創(chuàng)新、實(shí)用、方便于一身，具有良好的市場前景和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。

合作方式：專利權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓

一種藥枕

專利號：ZL201420212814.7

類型：實(shí)用新型

專利權(quán)人：王斌

項(xiàng)目簡介

該藥枕，包括枕芯、藥枕包、枕套，藥枕包的內(nèi)部填充藥物，且內(nèi)部設(shè)置多個(gè)彈性按摩條，枕芯連接藥枕包，枕套包裹在枕芯和藥枕包的外部，藥枕包內(nèi)部的彈性按摩條為2-4cm的乳膠條或記憶海綿條。通過藥枕包內(nèi)部的多個(gè)彈性按摩條保證了使用者的頭部不會(huì)對藥物產(chǎn)生直接擠壓，藥物不會(huì)從枕著頭部的位置往旁邊移動(dòng)，提高了使用者的舒適度，也保證了藥枕的藥效充分發(fā)揮，該藥枕原料易得、成本低、使用方便、適用范圍廣，一旦深入推廣將帶來良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。

合作方式：創(chuàng)業(yè)融資；股權(quán)融資

一種便攜式空氣水中過濾器

專利號：ZL201420280962.2

類型：實(shí)用新型

專利權(quán)人：羅學(xué)哲

項(xiàng)目簡介

該產(chǎn)品避免了被污染的空氣吸入人體后對人們的身體造成損害的缺點(diǎn)，提供了一種便攜式空氣水中過濾器。其特點(diǎn)：外界的空氣從進(jìn)氣腔的進(jìn)氣口進(jìn)入后，通過與空氣流入口連接的導(dǎo)氣管進(jìn)入到儲水箱底部。儲存在儲水箱內(nèi)的水對進(jìn)入的空氣進(jìn)行凈化，空氣上升過程中，濾網(wǎng)再次對空氣進(jìn)行凈化，凈化后的空氣經(jīng)出氣腔的空氣流出口及頂部的出氣口排出，后續(xù)人們可通過導(dǎo)管吸入出氣口排出的凈化空氣。該裝置通過水、濾網(wǎng)對空氣進(jìn)行凈化，具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、使用方便、成本低等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。

合作方式：創(chuàng)業(yè)融資；股權(quán)融資

SLBB復(fù)合益生菌制劑的研制與應(yīng)用

申請?zhí)枺?01410092796.8

類型：發(fā)明

申請人：湛江德生物工程有限公司

項(xiàng)目簡介

SLBB 復(fù)合益生菌制劑是根據(jù)益生菌的特效功能，按優(yōu)缺互補(bǔ)的原則，優(yōu)選十幾種菌種，以不同菌種的繁殖生長率、用量，配制不同的培養(yǎng)基，分別進(jìn)行擴(kuò)大繁殖，均達(dá)到所需量時(shí)，按最合適的比例調(diào)配，進(jìn)行終端復(fù)合發(fā)酵。SLBB 復(fù)合益生菌制劑終端復(fù)合發(fā)酵工藝先進(jìn)，其優(yōu)勢：（1）車間達(dá)到所需要的潔凈度和可調(diào)節(jié)發(fā)酵溫度；（2）制作聯(lián)通罐進(jìn)行發(fā)酵，這種發(fā)酵方法不但節(jié)約能源、省勞動(dòng)力，而且減少了產(chǎn)品污染環(huán)節(jié)、有效成分均勻、產(chǎn)品效果好。目前由于資金缺乏還不能大規(guī)模產(chǎn)業(yè)化生產(chǎn)，一旦深入推廣將帶來良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。

合作方式：創(chuàng)業(yè)融資；股權(quán)融資

一種以桃樹枝為主要原料制造紙的方法

申請?zhí)枺?01410297998.6

類型：發(fā)明

申請人：劉二保

項(xiàng)目簡介

1、桃木紙生產(chǎn)原料：桃樹春秋剪下來的廢枝，檀木皮，龍須草。桃樹皮100公斤可生產(chǎn)10公斤木漿。檀樹皮50公斤可產(chǎn)10公斤木漿。龍須草50公斤可生產(chǎn)15公斤木漿。三種原料按比例加起來1公斤漿出0.9公斤紙。手工造紙共用水5噸，機(jī)械造紙共用水20噸。手工造紙的用水量是機(jī)械造紙的用水量的1/4，可減少廢水排放量，利于環(huán)保。

2、廢枝變廢為寶，增加農(nóng)民收入，一畝地桃樹可增加500元的收入，激發(fā)農(nóng)民大量栽培桃樹，有助于防風(fēng)治沙，減少對成材樹的破壞，起到綠化環(huán)保效果。

3、桃木皮本身具有殺蟲解毒的功效。手工造紙只用兩種化學(xué)原料：漂白液，燒堿。新制造的紙存放一段時(shí)間，可將兩種化學(xué)原料自然揮發(fā)，成為純天然紙，可用于食品包裝紙，衛(wèi)生巾，衛(wèi)生紙，紙杯等，讓人用上更安全健康的生活紙。還可用作春聯(lián)，剪紙，書畫等，具有搭筆更清晰，逼真感更強(qiáng)等特效，用桃木紙做春聯(lián)傳承了我國傳統(tǒng)文化，寓意全家幸?？鞓?。

合作方式：股權(quán)融資

手扶拖拉機(jī)用田邊犁

專利號：ZL201420206777.9

類型：實(shí)用新型

專利權(quán)人：陳金數(shù)

項(xiàng)目簡介

該手扶拖拉機(jī)用田邊犁主要包括犁架、犁刀和連接架組成。犁刀設(shè)有三組，安裝在犁架的下部。在犁架的上部設(shè)有用于固定犁架的連接架，犁架包括三根橫桿和四根豎桿，第二橫桿和第二豎桿垂直連接，留出可放置車輪的空隙。該產(chǎn)品能夠保證在犁地的過程中車輪碾過的田邊、中型田塊里使用旋耕機(jī)時(shí)留下的田邊等都可犁到，從實(shí)際應(yīng)用情況來看，不會(huì)出現(xiàn)死角，特別適用于面積較小的土地。同時(shí)，整體結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、造價(jià)較低，具有便于推廣的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。針對目前中國墾地日益減少的情況，一旦深入推廣，在減輕農(nóng)民負(fù)擔(dān)的同時(shí)也能提高農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量，將給國家和人民帶來良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)效益。

注：項(xiàng)目方可提供該犁的說明書、圖紙、實(shí)物等。

合作方式：技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓

自行車防盜鎖

專利號：ZL201420450352.2

類型：實(shí)用新型

專利權(quán)人：石家莊固牌鎖業(yè)有限公司

項(xiàng)目簡介

現(xiàn)在自行車、摩托車和電動(dòng)車被盜現(xiàn)象非常嚴(yán)重，主要原因在于自行車防盜鎖均是由鎖體和鎖桿連接而成，這種鎖桿不易被折斷，但是其在外的鎖眼部位很難防范采用撬、剪、捅等盜車的方式攻擊，很容易被撬開，從而使鎖具失效和車輛被盜。