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主謂一致范文第1篇

一、概念解讀

主謂一致是指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在“人稱”和“數(shù)”上保持一致的關(guān)系。

He　is　going　abroad.

They　are　playing　football.

二、遵循原則

①語(yǔ)法一致（Grammatical　concord）

主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在“人稱”和“數(shù)上”一致。

②意義一致（Notional　concord）

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于主語(yǔ)的意義。

③就近一致（Principle　of　proximity）

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于鄰近的主語(yǔ)。

三、命題趨勢(shì)

高考試題對(duì)這一語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目的考點(diǎn)是：名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式；分隔情況下，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)一致；分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、不定式、動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致。

四、考點(diǎn)精析

（一）名詞作主語(yǔ)

1.形單意復(fù)

①集體名詞army，class，committee，crowd，enemy，family，staff，team...作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如強(qiáng)調(diào)整體謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

②集合名詞cattle，folk，majority，people，police，public，youth．．．作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

③物質(zhì)名詞baggage/luggage，clothing，equipment，scenery．．．作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

2.形復(fù)意單

（1）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式

①學(xué)科名詞及書報(bào)名、戲劇名等economics，maths，mathematics，physics，politics．．．

②專有名詞（國(guó)名）

The　People’s　Republic　of　China　is　a　great　country.

③以“s”結(jié)尾的不可數(shù)名詞goods，news，plastics．．．

（2）成雙成對(duì)使用的名詞chopsticks，clothes，compasses，shorts，stocks，sunglasses，trousers．．．謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)（如果被a/this/that/pair　of修飾時(shí)，則用單數(shù)）。

3.單復(fù)數(shù)同形：aircraft，Chinese，crossroad，deer，fish，headquarters，means，species，works．．．作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)其意義來決定謂語(yǔ)形式。

（二）并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)

1．由and，both．．．a(chǎn)nd...連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

注：①當(dāng)and連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)前若由no，each，every，many　a．．．修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)；②當(dāng)and不表示并列意義時(shí)，而連接兩個(gè)意義上表示同一人、同一物或同一概念以及由兩個(gè)部件構(gòu)成的一個(gè)物品時(shí)則用單數(shù)：bread　and　butter，coffee　and　milk，salt　and　water，soda　and　water．．．

2.由or，either....or...，neither．．．nor...，not　only．．．.but　also...，not．．．but．．．連接的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上要與最鄰近它的主語(yǔ)保持一致，即“就近原則”。

Neither　the　students　nor　the　teacher　knows　anything　about　it.

3．主語(yǔ)后有主語(yǔ)的修飾語(yǔ)accompanied　by，with，along　with，together　with，like（像），but（除了），except，besides，as　much　as，rather　than（而不是），including，　in　addition　to．．．引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上要與主語(yǔ)保持一致，恰好與就近原則相反，為方便記憶不妨將其稱為“就遠(yuǎn)原則”。如，The　teacher　as　well　as　students　was　excited.

（三）數(shù)量概念作主語(yǔ)

1．當(dāng)名詞詞組的中心詞為表示度量、時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、金錢、重量、書刊影視名等復(fù)數(shù)名詞（短語(yǔ)）時(shí)，往往將其視為一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式（如果強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用復(fù)數(shù)）。

Ten　dollars　is　enough　for　him.

One　hundred　cents　make　a　dollars.

2．“all，a　lot　of?。╨ots　of?。琣　number　of，a　part　of，half　of，most　（of），none　of，plenty　of，some　of，the　rest（of），a　quantity　of，varieties　of，分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)……+of+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后“名詞”的單復(fù)數(shù)。The　first　of　the　food　is　to　be　kept　in　the　refrigerator.

3．由form，kind，part，sort，type等構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of前面名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。

This　kind　of　apples　is　highly　priced.=Apples　of　this　kind　are　highly　priced.

…

（四）不定代詞作主語(yǔ)

1．由代詞another，either，each（作sbj.時(shí)，若表示復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式），every　one，little，much，no　one，neither，the　other．．．及合成代詞anybody，anyone，anything，everything，nobody，somebody，something．．．作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式（若both作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式）。如，Each　of　the　students　is　given　one　chance　only.

2．few，many，most，none，several，some，such，thesame．．．作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式由其所代替的內(nèi)容決定。如，Most　of　my　classmates　work　hard.

3..all，none做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，代表不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)總是看作單數(shù)，因而謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；代表可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，None　of　us　are/is　perfect.

（五）特殊情況的主語(yǔ)

1．“the+adj./—ed（blind，poor，rich，unemployed，wounded以及最高級(jí)…）”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如表示一類可數(shù)的人或事物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

2．There　be及其延伸句型中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用就近原則。

There　is　an　apple　and　some　oranges　on　the　table.

3．名詞性從句，動(dòng)名詞及不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。

Serving　the　people　is　my　great　happiness.

主謂一致范文第2篇

A. is B. are C. am D. be

2. The teacher and writer________ready to give us a talk next week.

A. is B. are C. was D. were

3. As the saying goes,“All work and no play________Jack a dull boy.”

A. make B. makes C. made D. is made

4. Look, every boy and every girl________in the classroom.

A. is studying B. are studying C. study D. studies

5. The number of the students in our school________smaller than yours.

A. is B. are C. were D. have been

6. She as well as I________learned to skate.

A. has B. have C. are D. is

7. His family________watching TV after supper every day.

A. has liked B. liked C. like D. likes

8. The class________well in English since last term.

A. has done B. have done C. do D. does

9. The Chinese people________ready to make friends all over the world.

A. is B. are C. was D. were

10. Neither the manager nor the clerk________anything about it.

A. know B. has been known C. are knowing D. knows

11. My trousers________me well.

A. fit B. fitting C. fits D. are fitted

12. Each of them________best to do the work well.

A. are trying their B. have tried his best

C. is trying his D. has tried their best

13. In China the old________taken good care of in the old days.

A. was B. are C. were not D. were

14. Miss Liu, together with her students,________the hill now.

A. is climbing B. are climbing

C. climbs D. have climbed

15.________five dollars enough to buy the skirt?

A. Has B. Is C. are D. Is there

16. This kind of men________always dangerous.

A. is B. are C. make D. has

17. The Roberts________at the table for supper.

A. are seating B. are sitting C. is seated D. is sitting

18. One or two students________reading in the classroom.

A. is B. are C. does D. have

19. When and where to buy the machine________yet.

A. has not decided B. has not been decided

C. have not decided D. have not been decided

20. Between the two rivers________a bridge.

A. lie B. lies C. are lying D. has laid

21. Could you tell us what the news from Hong Kong________?

A. have B. has C. are D. is

22.________more than one person here.

A. It has B. It is C. There are D. There is

23. On the top of the hill________two big trees.

A. is B. are C. stands D. standing

24. One and a half apples________by the boy yesterday.

A. is eaten B. was eaten C. are eaten D. were eaten

25. To learn a foreign language well________hard but necessary.

A. is B. are C. was D. were

26. Lots of money________on education.

A. were spent B. has been spent C. has spent D. are spent

27. Politics________an important subject for us.

A. are B. is C. has D. have

28. This pair of glasses________ when I went downstairs.

A. is broken B. was broken C. are broken D. breaks

29. Here________a fat man.

A. come B. comes C. is coming D. are coming

30. None of them________a good swimmer.

A. are B. is C. do D. does

主謂一致范文第3篇

關(guān)鍵詞：主謂一致；主語(yǔ)；謂語(yǔ)

作者簡(jiǎn)介：魏罕秀，任教于甘肅省皋蘭縣二中。

主謂一致，一般來說，謂語(yǔ)必須與主語(yǔ)和人稱在數(shù)上保持一致。其一致性涉及三方面，既語(yǔ)法上一致，意義上一致，就近一致。具體用法如下：

一、主語(yǔ)是下列情況的，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)

1.如果主語(yǔ)由“many a， more than one+單數(shù)名詞”構(gòu)成，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：

Many a child has made that mistake. (許多孩子都犯那種錯(cuò)誤。)

There is more than one answer to your question. (你的這個(gè)問題不止一個(gè)答案。)

注：“more than+數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

More than one thousand workers are working in this factory. (有1000多名工人在這家工廠做工。)

2.“……四則運(yùn)算（即加、減、乘、除）……”表示整體概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式。如：

88 and 2 is 100.(88加2等于100。)

Five times four is 20. (5乘以4等于20。)

3.“a +單數(shù)名詞+ or two”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；但“one or two+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：

A day or two is passed. (一兩天過去了。)

One or two hours have been spent. (一兩天過去了。)

4.由each ，every修飾的名詞作主語(yǔ)，或由each…and each…，every…and every…，no…and no…連接名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。如：

Each man and each woman has a chance to be raised in our company. (在我們公司，每個(gè)男女都有提升的機(jī)會(huì)。)

No boy and no girl doesn’t go to school at the age of seven in this village because of the Hope Project. (由于希望工程，我們村七歲的男孩女孩都去上學(xué)。)

注：each位于復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)后或句末，則不影響謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。如：

The students each have a dictionary. (學(xué)生們每人都有一本字典。)

5. every-，any-，some- 等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。如：

There is something wrong with the machine. (這臺(tái)機(jī)器有問題。)

6.all表示物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：

All was silent. (萬(wàn)籟俱寂。)

All of the rubbish was cleaned away. (所有的垃圾都被清除了。)

注：當(dāng)all作主語(yǔ)表示人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：

All but one were here just now.(除一人外，都剛剛在這兒。)

7.動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、名詞從句或由and連接的兩個(gè)疑問代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。如：

To hold the Olympic Games is a rich prize for a country. (對(duì)于一個(gè)國(guó)家來說，承辦奧運(yùn)會(huì)就是一份豐厚的獎(jiǎng)品。)

When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet .

注：當(dāng)what從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)而表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如：

What we badly need here are competent teachers.(我們這兒急需的是合格的老師。)

8.在“It +be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who)…”結(jié)構(gòu)中，“be”用單數(shù)。如：

It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes. (不僅僅是盲人犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤。)

二、主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，而謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式

1.國(guó)名、人名、書名、組織機(jī)構(gòu)等專有名詞做主語(yǔ)，即使形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。如：

The United State is a developed country.

2.以-ics 結(jié)尾表示學(xué)科的名詞，如politics，physics，athletics，mathematics等做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。如：

Mathematics is difficult to learn.

注：當(dāng)以-ics結(jié)尾的表示學(xué)科的名詞前有物主代詞修飾，指某人的某方面知識(shí)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。如：

His physics are poor.

3.當(dāng)表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格度量衡等的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。如：

Ten years is quite a long time. (十年是漫長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。)

Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me. (步行15分鐘對(duì)我來說是較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間了。)

注：如果是指某一個(gè)體，則要根據(jù)語(yǔ)法一致的原則，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

Twenty years have passed since we parted. (自從我們分手以后已經(jīng)20年過去了。)

4. “One +and a half +復(fù)數(shù)名詞” 做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：

One and a half apples is left on the plate. (盤子里還有一個(gè)半蘋果。)

5.有些用來表示有兩個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)部分組成一體的名詞復(fù)數(shù)，如trousers， glasses， compasses 等做主語(yǔ)，前面若有“一條，一副，一把”之類的單位詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；若沒有單位詞或單位詞是復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。如：

There is a pair of glasses on the desk. (桌子上有一副眼鏡。)

All the glasses are made of glass， not plastic. (所有的玻璃杯都是由玻璃制成的，而并非塑料。)

6.the number of短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如:

As a result， the number of people who travel by plane in China is larger than ever before. 因此，中國(guó)乘飛機(jī)旅行的人數(shù)比以往多了。

注：a number of 短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)，如：The number of people invited was fifty， but a number of them were absent fordifferent reasons.（邀請(qǐng)了五十人，但由于種種原因，大多數(shù)人沒來。）

三、主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式，而謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式

1.一些集體名詞，如cattle， police， people， militia（民兵）等，在句子中做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。如：

Shortly after the accident， the police were sent to keep order. (事故后不久，警察被派來維持秩序。)

2.有些以-sh， -ese， -ch 結(jié)尾的表示國(guó)家、民族的形容詞與the連用時(shí)表示復(fù)數(shù)含義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如:

The Chinese are kind and friendly. (中國(guó)人親切、友好。)

3.當(dāng)“the +形容詞（過去分詞）”指一類人作主語(yǔ)，如the old， the young， the rich， the dead， 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。如:

The rich live a happy life， while the poor live a hard life. (富人過著快樂的生活，而窮人過著艱難的生活。)

四、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的具體情況而定

1.一些集體名詞，如family， class， team， population， company， public， government， group， club等做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，當(dāng)作為整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果作為一個(gè)個(gè)體成員來考慮時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：

My family are coming with me. (我的家人將和我一塊兒來。)

His family has just moved to Beijing. (他家剛搬到北京。)

2.一些表示部分概念或不定量的名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)，形式上為單數(shù)，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)of后接名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定，這些詞有half， most， some等。如：

The most of his time is wasted over it. 他的大部分時(shí)間都浪費(fèi)在這上面了。

Half of the books are novels. 一半書籍是小說。

3.名詞前有a lot of， lots of， plenty of， percent of等時(shí)，根據(jù)具體情況決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。

There are plenty of eggs in the basket. (籃子里有很多蛋。)

Lots of meat has been sold out. (很多肉已銷售。)

4.用and 連接的名詞作主語(yǔ)指兩個(gè)人和物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)；指同一個(gè)人和物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。如：

The worker and writer comes from a small town. (這位工人兼作家出身于一個(gè)小城鎮(zhèn)。)

5.由not only…but also， either…or， neither…nor 或or 連接的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)形式或復(fù)數(shù)形式依最靠近他的名詞的單復(fù)試形式而定。如：

Either you or I am going to answer his question. (你和我必須有一個(gè)要回答他的問題。)

Not only he but also his friends have been to New York. (不僅他而且他的朋友都去過紐約。)

. as well as， besides， like， with， along with， together with， no less than， except， but， rather than等構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)不看作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)的數(shù)保持一致。如：

The man with his daughters and son is watching TV. (這個(gè)人和他的兒女在看電視。)

The girls as well as the teacher are dancing. (姑娘們和這位老師在跳舞。)

7. 在there be 句型中，若有一系列并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，根據(jù)就近原則，be 應(yīng)與他相鄰的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。如：

There is a desk and three chairs in the room. (房子里有一張桌子和三把椅子。)

8. 在here 引起的倒裝句中，如果主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與最靠近的主語(yǔ)一致。如：

Here are a few envelopes and some paper for you. (給你一些信封和紙。)

主謂一致范文第4篇

【考點(diǎn)一】 考查主、謂語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法上的一致

我們知道,從語(yǔ)法上講謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。

1. 若主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也是單數(shù)形式;若主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也是復(fù)數(shù)形式。

2. 不定代詞each作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)形式;而當(dāng)each作主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)的同位語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式。

3. 主語(yǔ)后面跟有with, along with, as well as, but, except, besides, including等引起的短語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。

4. 用and或both ... and連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式。

[典型考例]

1. (2009年青島市) Both Tom and Kate_______in Qingdao now. They both_______from England.

A. is; come B. are; come

C. is; comes D. are; comes

【答案與解析】 句子的主語(yǔ)是由both ... and連接的Tom和Kate兩個(gè)人,故第一空的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式。因此,可先排除A、C兩項(xiàng)。第二個(gè)空白處所在的句子主語(yǔ)是they, both是其同位語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式,據(jù)此又可排除D項(xiàng)。故正確答案為B。

2. (2009年廣東省) Everyone except Tom and John _______seen the film.

A. is B. has C. are D. have

【答案與解析】 句子的主語(yǔ)是Everyone, 其后的except Tom and John是介詞短語(yǔ),作修飾語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)與Everyone保持一致,應(yīng)為單數(shù)形式。再由seen可以判斷,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),因此正確答案為B。

3. (2009年瀘州市) My name_______Lucy. May I know your name?

A. am B. is C. are

【答案與解析】 主語(yǔ)My name是第三人稱單數(shù),因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)形式。故正確答案為B。

【考點(diǎn)二】 考查主、謂語(yǔ)意義上的一致

意義一致,指的是根據(jù)句子主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)含義來確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式,不只是看主語(yǔ)的末尾是否有“-s”或“-es”。

1. family, class, group, team等集合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 如果把它們作為一個(gè)整體來看待,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)形式;如指整體當(dāng)中的一個(gè)個(gè)成員,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式。

2. “分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù) + of + 名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)of后面名詞的數(shù)而定。若其后是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式;若其后是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)形式。

3. 不定式(短語(yǔ)),動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))或從句在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)形式。

4. 不定代詞all, some, any, none等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)根據(jù)這些詞的具體含義來確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果它們含復(fù)數(shù)意義,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式;如果它們相當(dāng)于一個(gè)單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)形式。但是由every, some, any, no等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)常為單數(shù)形式。

5. 表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離的復(fù)數(shù)名詞分別表示一段時(shí)間、一筆金錢或一段距離,并在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)形式。

6. “the + 姓氏名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式”意為“……一家”或“……夫婦”,并在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式。

7. news, maths, physics, the United States等一些以“-s”結(jié)尾的名詞(短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常為單數(shù)形式;但trousers, shoes, glasses等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式,但其前有a/this pair of等修飾語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)形式。

8. “the number of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”意為“……的數(shù)量”,在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)形式; “a number of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”意為“許多……”,在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式。

[典型考例]

1. (2009年河南省) The number of students who_______ the English club_______20.

A. take part in; is B. join; are

C. take part in; are D. join; is

【答案與解析】 定語(yǔ)從句說的是“參加”俱樂部,這個(gè)“參加”應(yīng)該用join表示。據(jù)此可先排除A、C兩項(xiàng)。 “The number of ...”意為“……的數(shù)量”,用其作主語(yǔ)時(shí),后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)形式。故正確答案為D。

2. (2009年)_______ of the money _______been spent recycling the rubbish.

A. Three fourths; has B. Three fourths; have

C. Three fourth; has D. Three fourth; have

【答案與解析】 分?jǐn)?shù)四分之三的正確表達(dá)形式為“three fourths”, 據(jù)此可先排除C、D兩項(xiàng)。 money是不可數(shù)名詞,那么Three fourths of the money在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)形式。故正確答案為A。

3. (2009年南京市) ―How much _______ the shoes?

―Five dollarsenough.

A. is; is B. are; is

C. are; are D. is; are

【答案與解析】 問句的主語(yǔ)the shoes是復(fù)數(shù)形式,因此第一空應(yīng)填are; 答句的主語(yǔ)Five dollars指的是一筆錢,因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)形式,故正確答案為B。

【考點(diǎn)三】 考查主、謂語(yǔ)的就近一致原則

就近一致原則,指的是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)與最靠近它的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。

1. 在there be句型或以here開頭的句子中有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)時(shí), be的形式應(yīng)和與其最靠近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。

2. either ... or ..., neither ... nor, not only ... but also ..., not ... but, or等連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)和與其最靠近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。

[典型考例]

1. (2009年寧波市) There _______some milk, two eggs and a few cakes on the table.

A. is B. are C. has D. have

【答案與解析】 此句屬there be句型,據(jù)此可先排除C、D兩項(xiàng)。根據(jù)就近一致原則, be的形式應(yīng)與some milk的人稱和數(shù)保持一致,因此空白處應(yīng)填is, 即正確答案為A。

2. (2009年樂山市) Neither he nor I _______ from Japan, that is to say, neither of usJapanese.

A. am; are B. are; is

C. am; is D. is; is

【答案與解析】 Neither ... nor ... 連接的是主語(yǔ)he和I。 依據(jù)就近一致原則,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)和I保持一致,據(jù)此可排除B、D兩項(xiàng)。 neither作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)形式。故正確答案為C。

3. (2009年石家莊市) Either Mary or he _______going to Paris. Only one person may go there.

主謂一致范文第5篇

一、主謂一致的基本用法

1.并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，且當(dāng)意義為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

注意:當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由and連結(jié)時(shí)，如果它表示一個(gè)單一的概念，即指同一人或物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，and連接的兩個(gè)名詞前只用一個(gè)冠詞。如：

The writer and teacher Smith has gone through millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.

2.主謂一致中的靠近原則。

（1）當(dāng)there be句型的主語(yǔ)是一系列事物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：

There is a bowl，two knives and several forks on the table..

There are thirty boy-students and twenty-five girl-students in the class.

（2）在由not only ...but also ...，not just ... but ...，or，neither ... nor ...，either ... or ...連接主語(yǔ)的句子中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)遵循就近一致原則，即按與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞最靠近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)來確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

Not only Mary but also I am going to London next week.

3.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致。

當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有with，together with，like，except，but，as well as 等詞引起的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致。如：

The teacher together with his students is discussing Writing Skills that was newly published in China.

4.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與后接名詞或代詞保持一致。

（1）用half of，part of，most of 等詞引起主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞通常與of后面的名詞或代詞保持一致。如：

Most of her money is spent on dress.

（2）在more than ... of 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。如：

More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.

5.謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

（1）主語(yǔ)中含有each，every時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用單數(shù)。如：

Each boy gets a present.

（2）當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是一本書或一條格言時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。如：

The Arabian Nights is a book known to lovers of English.

（3）表示金錢、時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常把這些名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)多用單數(shù)。（用復(fù)數(shù)也可，意思不變）如：

Two weeks is allowed for preparing for the examination.

6.指代意義決定謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)。

（1）代詞what，which，who，none，some，any，most，all等詞后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。如：

All is right.

All are present.

（2）集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的意思來決定，如family，audience，crowd，class，company，committee等詞后用復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)，意為這個(gè)集體中的各個(gè)成員，用單數(shù)時(shí)表示整個(gè)集體。如：

The committee is made up of 12 people.

Her family are music lovers.

但集合名詞people，police，cattle等在任何情況下后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用復(fù)數(shù)形式.

Are there any police around？

（3）有些名詞，如variety，number，population，majority等構(gòu)成的表示“一些”的詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)看作單數(shù)，有時(shí)看作復(fù)數(shù)。如：

A number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞

The number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞

The number of the students in our school is over 3，000.

二、主謂一致中的“表里不一”現(xiàn)象

1.“more than one +名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。例如:

More than one high official has been questioned by the police since the mayor was shot dead.

2.“many a +名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。例如:

Many a student has been sent to plant trees.