前言：想要寫出一篇令人眼前一亮的文章嗎？我們特意為您整理了5篇背影練習(xí)題范文，相信會(huì)為您的寫作帶來幫助，發(fā)現(xiàn)更多的寫作思路和靈感。

背影練習(xí)題范文第1篇

A.根據(jù)漢語提示填寫單詞。

1.He won a gold medal(獎(jiǎng)牌) at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

2.I don't think it's fair(公平的) for her to do all the work.

3.Many students come to the front of the classroom to talk about their countries with pride(自豪).

4.Li Ming didn't come to school today.I suppose(猜測(cè)) he was ill in bed.

5.Young people are quickly influenced(影響) by new ideas.

B.用方框中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。每詞限用一次，每空限填一詞。

wise，especially，success，method，record

6.The players prepared so well that they realized their dream successfully.

7.Don't worry，Xiaodan!I can give you a good method to solve the problem.

8.The player kept the world record in the last Olympic Games.

9.It's a wise idea to give up smoking.

10.I don't like getting up early，especially in winter.

二、語法填空。

閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語的正確形式填空。

Albert Einstein was one of the most successful scientists in the 20th century.Once a __11__ man asked Albert Einstein what the secret of __12__ (succeed) was.The great scientist told him that the first secret of success was hard __13__.

A few days __14__(late)，the young man came to ask him the same question again.Einstein felt unhappy and got very __15__.

He didn't want to say anything，so he turned to write a few words on a __16__ of paper and handed it to the young man.The young man looked at the piece of paper.On it was __17__(write)：

A=Y+X+Z

“Could you please tell me what this means?”__18__ the young man.

“It's the answer you need.”explained the old scientist.“A means success，Y stands for hard work，X stands for good __19__ of doing things，and Z means that you should stop __20__(talk) now and get down to work.”

11.young 12.success 13.work 14.later

15.annoyed/angry 16.piece 17.written 18.asked

19.methods/ways 20.talking

三、完形填空。

Early in the morning，at noon，or in the evening in big cities and in the countryside，all across the United States，you can see Americans running.Men and women，__21__ and old are running.People run __22__—along the beaches of California，__23__ Central Park in New York，down quiet streets in small towns or at the gym.Some people even run in __24__ living rooms.

Running didn't use to be so popular.In the 1960s，runners were __25__ athletes and healthy strong people.In those days，when people saw a runner，they used __26__，“Hey，what's the hurry for?”O(jiān)r they might say to __27__，“Is he crazy?”Women almost never __28__.If they did，they might hear a man shout，“If I __29__ you，can I keep you?” But today all these have __30__.Men and women of all __31__ enjoy running.

Doctors say many of the health problems in the United States __32__ these bad habits：eating too much，smoking cigarettes，and __33__ exercising enough.Doctors tell us，“Eat less，don't smoke，and exercise more.” Running is a good exercise __34__ it helps build strong hearts and lungs.It also helps most people __35__ weight.

( A )21.A.young　B.small　 C.big D.little

( C )22.A.anywhere B.somewhere

C.everywhere D.nowhere

( B )23.A.by B.through

C.with D.on

( D )24.A.our B.your C.his D.their

( A )25.A.mostly B.hardly C.most D.never

( D )26.A.to asking B.to tell

C.to speak D.to ask

( B )27.A.them B.themselves

C.theirs D.they

( B )28.A.thought B.ran

C.said D.exercised

( A )29.A.catch B.take C.carry D.find

( A )30.A.changed B.stopped

C.worked D.done

( D )31.A.people B.cities C.villages D.ages

( A )32.A.come from B.look for

C.care for D.think of

( B )33.A.too B.not C.much D.little

( C )34.A.how B.where C.because D.until

( D )35.A.give B.increase

C.improve D.lose　四、閱讀理解。

Yesterday afternoon，it was very hot.Mr. Green，with his family，decided to go swimming.There was a new and large swimming pool near their house.It was free for the first week.So they wanted to have a try there.When they got to the swimming pool，they were told to read the notice first.

Swimming Pool Rules & Regulation

*The swimming pool is open from 8：00 till 22：00.

*Wear a swimming suit before using the pool.

*Take a shower before entering the pool.

*Don't smoke in the whole area.

*Watch your children all the time while swimming.

*Don't move the sun chairs or umbrella without permission(允許).

*Diving(跳水) into the pool is not allowed.

*Stay away from the deep area if your swimming skills are not so good.

*People who have drunk，caught colds or who have skin diseases(疾病) can't enter the pool.

After reading the notice，the Greens were all very clear about what they should do and how they could keep themselves safe in the swimming pool.They enjoyed themselves there all the afternoon.

41.The Greens were told to __B__ first when they got to the pool.

A.go swimming B.read the notice

C.fill in the form D.buy the tickets

42.According to the rules，Mr. Greens should __A__ before entering the pool.

A.take a shower B.move to the sun chairs

C.smoke a lot D.send the children back

43.The rules tell the Greens NOT to __D__ when they swim in the pool.

A.watch the children all the time

B.wear a swimming suit

C.carry umbrellas with them

D.dive into the pool

44.From the passage，we know that __D__.

A.the swimming pool is open from 7：00 to 20：00

B.people can stay in the deep area if they can't swim

C.people who have skin diseases can enter the pool

D.the Greens family spent the whole afternoon in the pool

五、任務(wù)型閱讀。(2012，寧波)

45.The first and greatest rule.Talking is not allowed，even including talking quietly during the music.

46.The musicians do not need your help，and your neighbours need silence.Learn to tap(輕敲) your fingers quietly on the chair—it's a good finger exercise.

47.Drinks and candies are not allowed.

48.Remember that you are representing your school，and you want to be on your best behavior.There are many eyes looking at you.

A.Do not embarrass your teacher nor your school.

B.No singing，tapping fingers or feet.

C.Please have nothing in your mouth，besides your teeth and tongue.

D.Do not talk.

45.__D__46.__B__47.__C__48.__A__

49.What's the best title for this material?__A__

A.The Rules of Concert Etiquette

B.The Rules of Hotel Etiquette

C.The Rules of Bank Etiquette

D.The Rules of Airport Etiquette

六、書面表達(dá)。(2014，東營)

假如你是某雜志社編輯Mr. Knowledgeable，根據(jù)中學(xué)生 Bob的來信內(nèi)容，給他寫封回信，幫助解決他所遇到的問題。字?jǐn)?shù)80—100，開頭已給出。

Dear Knowledgeable，

My problem is that I can't get on with my family.My parents always say “no” to my ideas without any reason.So I often quarrel(吵架) with them.Also，my brother is not very nice to me.He always refuses to let me watch my favourite TV show.Instead，he watches whatever he wants until late at night.I don't think this is fair.At home，I always feel lonely and nervous.Is that normal?What can I do?

Bob

Dear Bob，

It's normal to have these feelings.Why don't you talk about these feelings with your family?First，it's not right to quarrel with your parents.I don't think quarrelling can solve problems.You'd better have a talk with your parents.Tell them to have a discussion with you before saying “no” to your ideas.

背影練習(xí)題范文第2篇

Ⅰ. 聽句子，選擇正確的應(yīng)答語。每個(gè)句子讀一遍。(每小題1分，滿分5分)

1. A. It’s white. B. It must be Jack’s. C. It’s my favorite.

2. A. It’s on the wall. B. It belongs to Mary. C. Peter took it.

3. A. I’m sorry. B. Don’t worry. C. You’re welcome.

4. A. He’s very friendly. B. He might be a driver. C. I don’t like him.

5. A. It’s about pets. B. It’s Ann’s. C. John.

Ⅱ.聽短對(duì)話，選擇正確的答案。每段對(duì)話讀兩遍。(每小題1分，滿分5分)

6. Which animal can sleep with its eyes open?

A. Birds. B. Fish. C. Horses.

7. What does Millie love doing in the park?

A. Chatting. B. Flying kites. C. Dancing.

8. Where did the little cat hurt?

A. Its head hurt. B. One of its back legs hurt. C. One of its front legs hurt.

9. What does the man see in fact?

A. A UFO. B. A plane. C. A light.

10. How tall is Bao Xishun?

A. 2.63 m. B. 2.6 m. C. 2.36 m.

Ⅲ.聽長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，選擇答案。每段對(duì)話讀兩遍。(每小題1分，滿分5分)

聽第一段對(duì)話，回答第11至12小題。

11.Where did the girl find the book?

A. Under Toby’s desk. B. Under her desk. C. In her drawer.

12.Why does Toby think the book is Sandy’s?

A. Because he bought it with Sandy.

B. Because Sandy lent it to him.

C. Because Sandy’s name is on it.

聽第二段對(duì)話，回答第13至15小題。

13.Where did the boy probably leave his backpack?

A. In the classroom. B. At the gym. C. At the dining hall.

14.What’s the time now?

A. 5:30. B.6:30. C. 6:40.

15.What does Mom advise the boy to do?

A. To get his backpack back.

B. To give his teacher a call.

C. To do his homework later.

Ⅳ.聽短文并填空。短文讀兩遍。(每小題1分，滿分5分)

The Terracotta Army is one of the Eight Wonders of the world. These terracotta warriors and horses were 16 in Xi’an in 1974 by some local people. The warriors were buried to protect Qin Shihuang. They had different 17 , looks, and hairstyles. They had different 18 from 1.83 m to 1.95 m. They also had different weapons in their hands. The horses were about 1.7 meters high and 2 meters long. More than 700,000 workers made the warriors and horses. They showed the high 19 of the workers and the power of Qin Shihuang. 20 people have been there to see the warriors and horses.二、筆試部分(滿分80分)

Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空(每小題1分，滿分15分)

21.—Why did Miss Wang look so worried?

—Because she wondered .

A. where did the other students go

B. when would the policeman come

C. what her students have done during the trip

D. if her students had survived the earthquake

22.The cleaners have to rubbish to keep our city clean.

A. turn up B. pick up C. fix up D. give up

23.—Whose volleyball is this?

—It must belong to .

A. Bob B. he C. she D. Carla’s

24.—Must I finish my homework now?

—No，you .You may have a rest first.

A. mustn’t B. can’t C. may not D. needn’t

25.When Tony heard the good news，he was too excited .

A. speak B. speaks C. to speak D. working

26.The children had great fun the kites.

A. fly B. to fly C. flew D. flying

27.I have work to do，and I am tired.

A. much too;too much B. too much;much too

C. too much;too much D. much too;much too

28.I have to show you.

A. different something B. something different

C. anything different D. different anything

29.Remember off the light and don’t forget the door when you leave the room.

A. to turn;to close B. to turn;closing

C. turning;to close D. turning;closing

30.I didn’t go to the party not the weather，but I didn’t feel well.

A. because of;because B. because;because of

C. because;because D. because of;because of

31. All the students are talking and laughing in the classroom and it’s .

A. noisy B. lonely C. quiet D. strict

32.The man was so exhausted that he fell at once.

A. sleepy B. sleep C. sleeping D. asleep

33.—Is that girl Susan?

—It be her. She left for Beijing yesterday.

A. needn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. may not

34. It seems that the aged people the H7N9 more easily from the recent cases.

A. pick up B.mix up C. set up D. use up

35. In spring, the park with travellers.

A. crowds B. crowded C. is crowded D. crowding

Ⅱ.完形填空(每小題1分,滿分10分)

Mr. and Mrs. Green were very worried about their son, Leo. He seemed to be dumb (啞的) 36 he was normal in every other way. Mr. and Mrs. Green tried everything to get him to 37 ,but with no success.

When Leo was six years old, the best doctors in the town 38 him carefully, but could find nothing wrong. And he seemed to be smart. It was just that he 39 spoke.

“There might be something wrong with his 40 ,and he doesn’t know he’s able to speak,” one doctor said.

“But he can read and write,” said Mr. Green.“We’ve written him notes, telling him that he can speak.”

“It’s certainly very 41 ,”another doctor said.“Perhaps he’ll be able to speak some day.”

42 passed. Leo went to university. But he did not speak a 43 word.

Then one day, Leo was having a meal with his parents. Without any warning, he looked up from his 44 and said, “Pass me the salt, please.”

Mr. and Mrs. Green were excited.“You spoke! You spoke!”they cried.“Why have you 45 so long to speak?”

“I didn’t have anything to say,” he said.“Until now everything was perfect. But you forgot to put salt in these potatoes.”

36. A. because B. when C. though D. before

37. A. speak B. walk C. play D. laugh

38. A. taught B. found C. examined D. asked

39. A. never B. often C. usually D. always

40. A. back B. hair C. face D. mind

41. A. unfair B. strange C. noisy D. quiet

42. A. Hours B. Weeks C. Months D. Years

43. A. good B. right C. single D. new

44. A. chair B. meal C. hands D. books

45. A. slept B. walked C. served D. waitedⅢ.閱讀理解(每小題2分,滿分20分)

A

Sam was a fifteen-year-old boy living with his little sister, Julie. Their parents had passed away long ago. Sam had taken care of Julie by himself.

One day, Sam woke up at three in the morning as usual. When Julie was sleeping alone, Sam left their little house to send newspapers. When he found an old man sitting in front of their house, Sam was so surprised that he stopped to look at him closely. It was an icy morning and he looked very cold.

The poor old man didn’t have anything to cover himself with. Sam went into his house to get the old man a blanket(毯子). However, there were no extra blankets, so Sam thought hard and took his father’s coat. It was the only thing of his father’s that he had left. Sam wrote a short note.“Sir, I found you sleeping in front of my house. This is my father’s coat. I hope it fits you well.”He put the note in a pocket of the coat, and covered the old man with the coat. Then he went to work. When he came back three hours later, both the man and the coat were gone. Sam thought that it was the best thing he could have done with his father’s coat.

That afternoon, Sam hurried home after school because Julie was at home alone. However, Julie and the old man were standing in front of the house, and Julie shouted to Sam, “Brother! He’s our grandfather!”

The grandfather smiled and said, “Sam, thank you for giving me the coat and letting me know how good my grandson is. This coat was the one that I gave my son a long time ago!”

46.How was the weather when Sam saw an old man in front of his house?.

A. Hot and sunny. B. Rainy. C. Icy and cold. D. Windy.

47.Sam’s morning job was to .

A. take care of his sister B. go to school

C. send newspapers D. look for his grandfather

48.“Their parents passed away long ago.” means “Their parents long ago.”

A. died B. went on

C. left home D. passed by

49.Sam covered the old man with his father’s coat because .

A. his father’s coat fitted the old man well

B. the coat was the only thing that his father had left

C. he knew the old man was his grandfather then

D. he had no extra blanket

50.What is the story mainly about?

A. Father’s coat was missing.

B. Sam found his grandfather through an act of kindness.

C. An old man was too cold to live on.

D. Sam took care of his sister by himself.

B

Many people say that they are working too many hours. They don’t have enough time to relax or to stay with their family.

Work hours are different from one country to another. In France, people spend about 1,646 hours a year at work .In Japan, however, people work about 2,159 hours a year. That means a Japanese worker works 513 more hours a year than a French worker.

Why do people work so many hours? Some people work extra hours because they want to make more money. However, many companies don’t pay overtime. Their workers don’t get more pay for more work. Some people think it’s their duty to work more hours. Some are afraid of losing their jobs if they don’t work more hours.

Many people say that their vacations are too short. In France, people get five weeks of paid vacation a year. In Germany, they get four to six weeks, and in the United States, two weeks. One study shows fewer than half of workers used all their vacation days. In Great Britain, there is a saying,“All work and no play makes Jack a dull (遲鈍的) boy.”If that is true, there must be a lot of dull people in the world.

51.A Japanese worker works more hours a year than a French one.

A. 513 B. 1,646 C. 2,159 D. 3,805

52.The word “extra” in Paragraph 3 means “ ”.

A. 正常的 B. 額外的 C. 有用的 D. 少量的

53.People in get only two weeks of paid vacation a year.

A. France B. Germany C. the United States D. Great Britain

54.Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. No companies offer vacations to their workers.

B. Many people say they have enough time to relax.

C. Not all companies pay their workers for more work.

D. More than half of workers use all their vacation days.

55.What can we infer from the passage?

A. Many workers have to work long hours.

B. Many people have vacations long enough.

C. Work hours are the same around the world.

D. There are a lot of dull people in the world.IV.任務(wù)型閱讀(每小題2分，滿分10分)

閱讀下面短文，按要求完成各小題。

Confidence is very important in daily life. It can help you to develop a healthy attitude(態(tài)度). A study shows that the people who are more confident are much happier. They can have more chances to make themselves successful. But how to be more confident? Here are some suggestions：

•By speaking aloud

When you are not confident，you can’t do well what you want to do. You speak in a voice so low that other people can hardly hear you. Try to speak loud enough so that people can hear you clearly. The high voice can help you become more confident.

•By playing sports

Physical exercise makes you tired but completely relaxed.[58]A strong body helps you be full of confidence.

•By encouraging yourself

Write down a list of things you did during the day to see how many things you have done well. Did you finish your homework?Did you tell a joke that made everybody laugh?Give yourself praise for the good things you’ve done.

•By getting rid of(消除)fear

Fear comes along with failure. But it’s easy to overcome(克服)if you know that failure is part of your life. Try to start again and believe you can do better.

•By picking up a hobby

If you like singing，sing as much as you can.[59]In some ways，a hobby can make you outstanding. And it will make you happy and confident.

A.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)要回答問題。

56.How many suggestions can help you to be more confident?

57.How can you encourage yourself?

B.將短文中畫線的句子譯成漢語。

58.

59.

C.請(qǐng)給短文擬一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題。

60.

Ⅴ.補(bǔ)全對(duì)話(每小題2分，滿分10分)

根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容，從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)木渥犹钊肟瞻滋?，使?duì)話完整。(有兩項(xiàng)多余)

A: Hello, Jim! Have you seen Eric?

B: No, I haven’t. What’s up?

A: I have found a yellow jacket on the playground. 61 .

B: It can’t be his. The jacket is much too small for him.

A: 62 . I saw him on the playground just now.

B: But Tony’s jacket is black.

A: 63 .

B: Let me have a look. Oh, it must be John’s.

A: 64 .

B: Look! I found this student ID card in one of the pockets.

A: 65 . Let’s go and give it to him.

B: OK. He must be in the library. Let’s go.

Ⅵ.書面表達(dá)(滿分15分)

假如你是你們班的英語課代表，在一次分發(fā)試卷的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)了一份沒有署名的試卷，成績(jī)?yōu)闈M分。請(qǐng)分析一下會(huì)是誰呢?

要求：1.設(shè)想一下班內(nèi)同學(xué)的情況，適當(dāng)擴(kuò)展細(xì)節(jié)。

2.書寫工整，100詞左右。

參考詞匯：full?mark 滿分的 handwriting 書寫聽力材料

Ⅰ. 聽句子，選擇正確的應(yīng)答語。每個(gè)句子讀一遍。

1.Whose T-shirt is this?

2.Where is the photo?

3.Thanks a lot for your help.

4.What do you think Mr. Smith is?

5.Who is the owner of that book?

Ⅱ. 聽短對(duì)話，選擇正確的答案。每段對(duì)話讀兩遍。

6. W:Can birds sleep with their eyes open?

M:No, they can’t. But fish can. They have no eyelids.

7. M:Millie, where did you go last weekend?

W:I went to the park with my cousin Amy. We love chatting there.

8. M:Why did the little cat sound like a ghost?

W:It hurt one of its front legs, so when it miaowed, it made a strange noise.

9. M:Hey!Wendy.Look at the UFO. It’s moving and it has a bright light.

W:It’s not a UFO at all. It is only a plane.

10. M:Wow, what a tall man Bao Xishun is!

W:Yes,he is 2.36 meters tall and perhaps he is the tallest man in the world now.

Ⅲ.聽長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，選擇答案。每段對(duì)話讀兩遍。

聽第一段對(duì)話，回答第11至12小題。

W:Hey, Toby ,is this your English book?

M:No, it isn’t. Mine is in my drawer.

W:I found the book under your desk. I thought it’s yours.

M:It’s Sandy’s. Look! She wrote her name on the cover.

W:Oh, yes.

聽第二段對(duì)話，回答第13至15小題。

M:Mom,I think I lost my backpack.

W:When did you find it was lost?

M:Just now when I was going to do my homework.

W:Where did you go before you came home?

M:I left the classroom, and then played badminton at the gym with Peter.

W:You must leave it at the gym.

M:Probably. But the gym usually closes at 5:30 pm. It’s already 6:40 now.

W:You have to get it tomorrow.

M:But I have to hand in my math homework tomorrow.

W:You’d better give your teacher a call and tell him about it.

M:OK.That’s the only way.

Ⅳ. 聽短文并填空。短文讀兩遍。

The Terracotta Army is one of the Eight Wonders of the world. These terracotta warriors and horses were discovered in Xi’an in 1974 by some local people. The warriors were buried to protect Qin Shihuang. They had different clothes, looks and hairstyles. They had different heights from 1.83 meters to 1.95 meters. They also had different weapons in their hands. The horses were about 1.7 meters high and 2 meters long. More than 700,000 workers made the warriors and horses. They showed the high skill of the workers and the power of Qin Shihuang. Millions of people have been there to see the warriors and horses參考答案:

1~5 BACBC

6~10 BACBC

11～15 ACBCB

16.discovered 17.clothes 18.heights 19.skill 20.Millions of

21.D 賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)通常與主句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，故可排除C項(xiàng);賓語從句應(yīng)用陳述語序，故選D。

22.B turn up“調(diào)大”;pick up“撿起”;fix up“修理”;give up“放棄”。句意：清潔工人必須撿起垃圾來保持城市清潔。由句意可知只有B項(xiàng)符合語境，故選B。

23.A belong to sb.“屬于某人”;to為介詞，sb.為代詞時(shí)，應(yīng)用其賓格形式。故選A。

24.D 以must提問的一般疑問句，肯定回答用must(必須)，否定回答用needn’t或don’t/doesn’t have to(不必)。故選D。

25.C too...to...“太……而不能……”，to后接動(dòng)詞原形。

26.D have fun (in) doing sth.“做某事很開心”，為固定搭配。

27.B too much修飾不可數(shù)名詞，much too修飾形容詞或副詞。work為不可數(shù)名詞，用too much修飾;tired為形容詞，用much too修飾。故選B。

28.B 形容詞修飾不定代詞時(shí)應(yīng)置于其后，故排除A、D兩項(xiàng);又因本句為肯定句，應(yīng)用something而不是anything，故選B。X K b1 .C o m

29.A remember/forget to do sth.“記得/忘記去做某事”，事情未做;remember/forget doing sth.“記得/忘記做了某事”，事情已做。由句意“在你離開房間時(shí)，記得關(guān)燈，別忘了關(guān)門”。“關(guān)燈”“關(guān)門”都未做，故選A。

30.A because of后跟名詞(短語);而because后跟句子。the weather為名詞，其前應(yīng)用because of;I didn’t feel well為句子，其前應(yīng)用because。故選A。

31. A noisy“吵鬧的”;lonely“孤獨(dú)的”;quiet“安靜的”;strict“嚴(yán)格的”。由題干中的“talking and laughing”可知，此處選noisy符合語境。句意：所有的學(xué)生在教室里有說有笑，很吵鬧。故選A。

32. D fall asleep“入睡”，是固定短語。

33. B needn’t “不必”，can’t“不可能”，mustn’t“禁止”， may not“可能不”。由答語后句句意“昨天她動(dòng)身去了北京”可知那個(gè)女孩不可能是Susan。故選B。

34. A pick up“撿起;感染”;mix up“混合”;set up“建立”;use up“用光”。句意：從最近的案例來看，好像年紀(jì)大的人更容易感染H7N9。故選A。

35. C 句意：春天，公園里擠滿了游客。be crowded with“被……擠滿”，是固定短語。

36.C 由前句句意“他看起來好像是啞的”和后句句意“他在其他各個(gè)方面都正常”可知，選C。though意為“盡管”，在此處引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。

37.A 結(jié)合上文可知，此處句意應(yīng)為“格林夫婦想盡一切辦法讓他說話，但是沒有成功”。speak“說話”;walk“行走，散步”;play“玩，打(球)”;laugh“笑”，故選A。

38.C teach“教”;find“發(fā)現(xiàn)”;examine“檢查”;ask“問”。結(jié)合句中的doctors(醫(yī)生)可知本句句意應(yīng)為“當(dāng)Leo六歲的時(shí)候，鎮(zhèn)上的醫(yī)生對(duì)他進(jìn)行了仔細(xì)檢查……”。故選C。

39.A 結(jié)合上文Leo一直未說話可知，此處句意應(yīng)為“只是他從未說話”。never“從不”;often“經(jīng)?！?usually“通?！?always“一直”。故選A。

40.D 由下文的“他不知道他會(huì)說話”可知，此處句意應(yīng)為“他的大腦可能有問題……”。back“后背”;hair“頭發(fā)”;face“臉”;mind“大腦”。故選D。

41.B 由上文格林先生的話“但是他會(huì)讀和寫，” “我們給他寫過便條，告訴他他會(huì)說話”可知，此處句意應(yīng)為“這當(dāng)然很奇怪……”。unfair“不公平的”;strange“奇怪的”;noisy“嘈雜的”;quiet“安靜的”。故選B。

42.D 由下文“Leo上了大學(xué)”可知此處句意應(yīng)為“幾年過去了”。故選D。

43.C good“好的”;right“正確的”;single“單個(gè)的”;new“新的”。結(jié)合英語提示可知此處句意應(yīng)為“但他從未說過一個(gè)字”。故選C。

44.B 由上文“Then one day, Leo was having a meal with his parents.”可知此處句意應(yīng)為“沒有任何預(yù)兆，他的目光從飯上移開抬起頭說……”，故選B。

45.D 由李?yuàn)W多年未說話可知格林夫婦此時(shí)的疑問是“為什么你等了這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才說話?” sleep“睡覺”;walk“行走，散步”;serve“服務(wù)”;wait“等待”。故選D。

背影練習(xí)題范文第3篇

( )1. Usually, it’s easier to make 　 decision than to take 　 action.

A. a; an B./; an C./;/ D. a;/

( )2. In Western countries, women are always dressed 　 white 　 their wedding day, because white is the colour of purity.

A. on; on B. in; in C. on; in D. in; on

( )3. Wearing blue clothes can make _______ easier to feel less stressed. I will wear a blue T-shirt today. 

A. that B. me C. it D. myself

( )4. — Do you think Andy can be a good policeman?

— Yes, I think so. He has the ability to stay 　 when something dangerous happens.

A. calm B. excited C. afraid D. nervous

( )5. It’s believed that our moods are sometimes 　 by colours. Many scientists are doing some research (研究) on this subject.

A. required B. chosen C. influenced D. explained

( )6. — Shall we watch Japanese cartoons?

— Japanese cartoons are not my cup of tea. I 　 watch talk shows.

A. would like B. would better C. would rather D. should rather

( )7. — Why not join them in their party?

— Well, I am not invited. And I 　 to go to the cinema.

A. prefer B. discover C. wish D. require

( )8. I can’t stop 　 if Tom will show up at the party. We will be happy if he can come.

A. hoping B. wishing C. believing D. wondering

( )9. — What does the sentence “If you were the earth, I would rather 　 the moon than the sun” mean?

— It means “I would like to move around you”. How sweet it sounds!

A. be B. to be C. being D. to being

( )10. — It seems that Jimmy is feeling bad about the exam.

— He needs to 　. A “C” is not the end of the world.

A. cheer himself up B. calm himself downC. let himself down D. warm himself up

( )11. You never know how much difficulty we had 　 the problem. Luckily, we managed to solve it with Mrs Wu’s help.

A. working out B. work out C. worked out D. to work out

( )12. — Do you think I should wear an orange shirt today?

— Yes. 　 orange can bring you good luck, it is good for your interview.

A. Though B. As C. But D. While

( )13. — The match is so exciting. The opposite team is really strong.

— You’re right. But I am sure 　 our team will win!

A. if B. that C. whether D. why

( )14. — Will you buy this tie for Dad?

— I have no idea. I don’t know 　 or not the colour matches his new shirt.

A. if B. that C. why D. whether

( )15. — I prefer western food. It’s delicious and good for us.

— 　? But western food is said to be high in sugar and fat.

A. Is that right B. How do you know that

C. Do you really think so D. Who told you that

( )16. As I realized how bad the situations were, 　 terrible feeling of fear came over me. But when I heard Mum’s warm words, 　 feeling was gone at once.

A. a; the B. the; a C. an; the D. a; a

( )17. — You really had a long conversation with James.

— I just listened to him singing the 　. He lost his job again.

A. yellows B. whites C. blacks D. blues

( )18. — Can you help me repair the computer? It doesn’t work properly.

— I wish I could. But I am a 　.

A. green hand B. white elephant C. yellow dog D. black sheep

( )19. Tom is from Hong Kong. Sometimes I have some difficulty 　 what he says.

A. understand B. to understand C. understanding D. to understanding

( )20. — How would you like your coffee, sir?

— 　.

A. Very much B. Black, please C. No, thanks D. Yes, I do二. 完形填空(共20小題，每小題1.5分;滿分30分)

A

Colours often have different meanings in different cultures. In the USA, people have found the following to be 　21　.

Black is the colour of power. It is also 　22　 in fashion because it makes people appear 　23　.

White is the 　24　 of purity. White is thought to be a 　25　 colour. However, white shows dirt and is more difficult to 　26　 clean than other colours.

Blue is the colour of the sky and the 　27　.

Peaceful blue is often used in bedrooms. Studies show that weightlifters (舉重運(yùn)動(dòng)員) are able to 　28　 heavier weights in blue gyms.

Green represents 　29　. It is good for our eyes. Hospitals often use green because it 　30　 patients and keep them peaceful.

( )21. A. false B. wrong C. bad D. true

( )22. A. unpopular B. popular C. inactive D. similar

( )23. A. thinner B. fatter C. shorter D. heavier

( )24. A. success B. system C. symbol D. survey

( )25. A. spring B. summer C. autumn D. winter

( )26. A. look B. seem C. feel D. keep

( )27. A. ocean B. woods C. mountain D. grass

( )28. A. lose B. watch C. lift D. control

( )29. A. love B. sadness C. joy D. nature

( )30. A. excites B. relaxes C. interests D. surprises

B

One day, some people set out to sea by ship. One of 31 took his pet monkey with him. 32 they were far out at sea, their ship was broken for some reasons and everyone fell into the sea, including the monkey. The monkey was sure that he would 33 his life because he couldn’t swim. Suddenly a dolphin came and put him on her back. They soon got to an island and then the monkey 34 down from the dolphin’s back.

The dolphin asked the monkey, “Do you know this 35 ?”

The monkey answered, “Yes, I do. The king of this island is my father. Do you know that I am a prince?”

36 that no one lived on the island, the dolphin said, “Well, you 37 be a prince, but now you can be a king!”

The monkey then asked, “ 38 can I be a king?”

The 39 smiled and answered, “That’s 40 . As you are the only creature (生物) on this island, you will naturally be the king!” And then she swam away, leaving the monkey alone.

The story tells us that those who lie (撒謊) may end up in trouble.

( )31. A. you B. them C. us D. themselves

( )32. A. Unless B. If C. Until D. When

( )33. A. lose B. save C. change D. drop

( )34. A. pushed B. turned C. jumped D. climbed

( )35. A. accident B. place C. movie D. experience

( )36. A. Forgetting B. Fearing C. Knowing D. Hearing

( )37. A. wouldn’t B. needn’t C. may D. could

( )38. A. How B. Which C. When D. Why

( )39. A. monkey B. prince C. king D. dolphin

( )40. A. difficult B. impossibleC. easy D. helpful三. 補(bǔ)全對(duì)話(共5小題;每小題1分，滿分5分)

根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容，從方框內(nèi)的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的選項(xiàng)，其中有兩個(gè)為多余選項(xiàng)。

A: Jenny, I am going to a birthday party tonight, but I don’t know what to wear.

B: How about the orange T-shirt? 41.　 It can make you happy.

A: That’s a good idea. 42.

B: Perhaps you should wear your white jeans. White is a calm colour. 43.　 Everyone wants to relax in the party.

A: You are right. 44.　 What colour should I choose?

B: Why don’t you wear a blue hat? 45.

A: Thank you. I believe I will have a good time at the party.

A. It makes people feel calm and peaceful.

B. Orange is the colour of joy.

C. And I need a hat, too.

D. What do you think about it?

E. I’m not sure about it, either.

F. I think you will look more beautiful.

G. But what should I wear to match the orange T-shirt?

四. 閱讀理解(共20小題;每小題2分，滿分40分)

A

Survey: What were you scared of when you were a kid?

I was scared of spiders but I didn’t let my friends know because all of them liked catching these spiders. I was terrified but I just acted cool.

— Buding, still afraid of spiders

I was scared of the dark because I didn’t know if there was something scary inside the room. As a result, I always liked sleeping with my back facing the wall because it made me a little comfortable.

— Gerard, not so afraid of the dark anymore, but still sleeps with his back facing the wall

Strange as it probably sounds, I was scared of shadows (影子). Not the shadows themselves, but what they formed (形成). Because I was near-sighted (近視的), the shadows I saw formed into the scariest things I saw in my mind.

— Jean, no longer afraid of shadows

I was afraid of the old woman who lived alone right in front of us. Very large trees covered the front part of her small house. The few times I saw the old woman, it scared me because she looked like a witch

(女巫). Once I was playing volleyball with my friends and the ball flew into her house. We all ran home quickly and decided that it was okay to lose the ball instead of seeing her come out of the house.

— Mac, who has already moved to a different house

( )46. Buding used to be afraid of 　.

A. the dark B. spiders

C. shadows D. an old woman

( )47. Gerard sleeps 　.

A. with the light on

B. with his parents

C. with the window open

D. with his back facing the wall

( )48. There is something wrong with Jean’s 　.

A. legs B. back

C. eyes D. feet

( )49. The old woman lived in a small house 　.

A. by herself B. with her daughter

C. with her husband D. with her grandmother

( )50. After the volleyball flew into the woman’s house, Mac and his friends 　.

A. ran home quickly

B. asked her for it

C. broke into her house

D. waited for her to come out

B

“Did you go skating a lot last year?” I asked. Jen shook her head and looked at me. Finally she said, “On Thanksgiving, Mom and I always went to visit some friends who lived on a farm. I especially loved seeing their big turkeys.”

Until then, I didn’t think about how Jen felt. She had a new stepfather (繼父) and stepbrother, and had a new town and home, too. Jen and her mom used to live near a lake where Dad and I went every summer, and she had to move up north with us. She had more changes than me.

Jen seemed sad, so I was busy thinking of some ways to cheer her up on Thanksgiving. I told her my plan and she was excited. First we made a huge snowball, and then a small snowball. Then we built a wall behind the big snowball as a tail. Jen mixed some food coloring with water, saying, “We can spray (噴) colors on the tail.” Our snow turkey had a red, blue, green, and yellow tail. We were so busy that we didn’t notice our parents come outside. Dad found a hat for the

snow turkey, and Mom wrapped her scarf around its neck.

“Thanks for cheering Jen up,” Mom said. “You’re a good brother, and you always come up with great ideas.’’ A happy feeling spread through me. I began to understand how much she cared about everyone in our new family.

( )51. What did Jen do on Thanksgiving in the past?

A. She went skating with her friends.

B. She went to the farm with her mother.

C. She stayed at home with her mother.

D. She made snow turkeys with her mother.

( )52. What can we learn from the second paragraph?

A. Jen lived near a lake in the past.

B. The writer was Jen’s stepfather.

C. Jen moved up north for studying.

D. The writer just moved out of his old house.

( )53. How many people are there in Jen’s new family?

A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.

( )54. Which of the following is the right order?

①made a small snowball ②found a hat

③made a huge snowball ④sprayed colors on the tail

⑤wrapped a scarf around the neck

⑥built a wall behind the big snowball

A. ①③⑥④②⑤ B. ①②③④⑤⑥

C. ③①⑥④②⑤ D. ③①⑥②④⑤

( )55. What can we infer (推斷) from the underlined sentence?

A. Jen’s stepmother was not friendly to the writer.

B. Jen didn’t feel happy after moving here.

C. Jen’s mother did a lot to make Jen happy.

D. The writer felt happy because his stepmother liked him.C

When I was very young, I wanted to become a veterinarian (獸醫(yī)) one day, because I loved animals very much, especially dogs. However, there was no room in my adult life for a dog.

Then, last year, I could not stand the fact that I developed cancer (癌癥). I wanted to keep a dog, but I knew my illness made it impossible for me to keep one. In early September, to my surprise, my doctor told me that I could keep a pet as my friend, because my immune system (免疫系統(tǒng)) was strong to keep a pet.

The same day I went to an animal market with my friends. When I saw a 9-week-old dog with big brown eyes, nice ears and white fur all over the body, I took it home.

I’m happy these days since Oscar came into my life. My new favorite pastime is to watch him sleep, eat and run. And I have been spending more time caring about him, taking long walks with him in the park.

Now I still have the physical examination once a week at the hospital. But my illness has taken a turn for the better with the company of a dog. My immune system is getting stronger, my doctor tells me. Thanks to Oscar, my life has changed a lot.

( )56. The writer used to want to be a .

A. doctor B. teacher

C. trainer D. veterinarian

( )57. Why did the writer’s doctor advise her to keep a pet?

A. Because she developed cancer.

B. Because a dog is friendly to her.

C. Because she had a strong immune system to do that.

D. Because she had enough room in her house to keep a pet.

( )58. What does the underlined word “fur” mean in Chinese?

A. 毛皮 B. 頭發(fā)

C. 爪子 D. 尾巴

( )59. The writer does the following to pass time EXCEPT .

A. see Oscar run

B. watch Oscar sleep

C. eat with Oscar together

D. take Oscar for long walks

( )60. From the passage, we can infer (推斷) that 　.

A. the dog is hard to take care of

B. the writer is thankful to her pet dog

C. the writer’s illness gets worse than before

D. now the writer doesn’t need any physical examination

D

One little miracle (奇跡) has been happening to me recently, and it gives me a special joy.

A few months ago, I was telling my daughter, Sally, some stories about my mother. My daughter was so young when my mother died that she doesn’t remember her well. I told her all I could remember, like how wonderful my mother was and how much she meant to me.

One day, Sally was sad because her grandmother was in heaven (天堂) and she couldn’t see her. I explained that though her grandmother was dead, now she was still watching over us and could send us something to let us know she was there. She could be anywhere, even riding invisibly (看不見地) on the back of a butterfly. Just after I said this, a butterfly flew down right by us, and we laughed happily.

Now many people would say it was just luck that the butterfly flew down at that time. A funny thing, however, has happened since then. Every time I go out in any type of weather I see butterflies. Very often they fly right by my face to get my attention. I always say hi to Mum, send her my love, and thank God for little miracles.

Everyone is always looking for some big miracles to come out and save them when they are in trouble, but they don’t notice the little miracles that happen every day right in front of their eyes. I know what they really are, however. For me little miracles are the best kind. So many little miracles happen around me all the time that I know they are not just luck.

( )61. When her grandmother died, Sally was 　.

A. at school B. quite young

C. in trouble D. not at home

( )62. One day Sally was sad because 　.

A. her mother told her a sad story

B. she argued with her grandmother

C. she couldn’t see her grandmother

D. her grandmother sent her nothing special

( )63. What does the underlined word “they” refer to

(指代)?

A. Everyone. B. Butterflies.

C. Grandparents. D. Little miracles.

( )64. What is the little miracle that has been happening to Sally’s mum?

A. She has a wonderful time with her daughter.

B. She sees butterflies every time she goes out.

C. She can make her daughter laugh happily every day.

D. She often sees her mother ride on the back of a butterfly.

( )65. Which can be the BEST title for this passage?

A. Butterflies and miracles

B. Sally’s grandmother

C. Miracles are nowhere

D. A funny thing happened to Sally五. 單詞拼寫(共5小題;每小題1分，滿分5分)

根據(jù)首字母及漢語提示，完成下列單詞的拼寫，使句意明確，語言通順。

66. The bag was too heavy and the boy carried it upstairs with great d(困難).

67. Listening to music sometimes can make you forget your s(悲傷).

68. I cannot p(許諾) you anything at the moment, but I will try my best.

69. People not only in China but also from many other countries are still i(受影響) by Confucius’ thoughts.

70. — You look slimmer and healthier than before.

— Yes, I p(更喜歡) sweet snacks to vegetables before.

六、書面表達(dá)(滿分15分)

學(xué)校要為初三學(xué)生訂制新的校服，下面是工廠送來的圖片，請(qǐng)你結(jié)合所學(xué)的關(guān)于顏色的知識(shí)，選擇一款校服加以評(píng)價(jià)。

要求：1. 就校服的顏色以及款式加以評(píng)價(jià);

2. 內(nèi)容充實(shí)，語言流暢，書寫工整;

3. 80詞左右。

提示：Style A: red and white sports clothes for girls; blue and white sports clothes for boys

Style B: white shirt, dark blue skirt and red tie for girls; white shirt, dark blue trousers and red tie for boys1-5 DDCAC 6-10 CADAA

11-15 ABBDC 16-20 ADACB 

21-25 DBACB 26-30 DACDB

31-35 BDACB 36-40 CCADA

41-45 BGACF 46-50 BDCAA

51-55 BACCB 56-60 DCACB 61-65 BCDBA

66. difficulty 67. sadness 68. promise 69. influenced 70. preferred

背影練習(xí)題范文第4篇

【關(guān)鍵詞】 全球供應(yīng)鏈 西部企業(yè) 產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移 商貿(mào)物流

一、西部企業(yè)承接產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移及對(duì)現(xiàn)代國際供應(yīng)鏈的需求

代工之王富士康的“跳樓事件”，本田中國組裝廠工人的罷工事件，以及一系列制造業(yè)勞工問題所帶來的連鎖反應(yīng)，突顯出中國目前制造業(yè)的困境。中國東部沿海地區(qū)以代工方式發(fā)展起來的制造業(yè)，正面臨生產(chǎn)要素價(jià)格上漲、人民幣升值、民工短缺、能源稀缺高耗的影響。在失去勞動(dòng)力優(yōu)勢(shì)與環(huán)境壓力不斷增加的大環(huán)境下，產(chǎn)業(yè)向更具成本優(yōu)勢(shì)和資源優(yōu)勢(shì)的地區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)移已是大勢(shì)所趨。對(duì)于西部的企業(yè)來說，通過承接轉(zhuǎn)移產(chǎn)業(yè)，更多地吸收當(dāng)?shù)刎S富的勞動(dòng)力資源，發(fā)揮資源優(yōu)勢(shì)，縮小與東部企業(yè)的差距，是一次良好的發(fā)展機(jī)遇。

另一方面，隨著全球一體化的發(fā)展，企業(yè)與企業(yè)之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榭鐕绻?yīng)鏈與供應(yīng)鏈之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。傳統(tǒng)供應(yīng)鏈正在朝著全球一體化供應(yīng)鏈的方向發(fā)展，成為一個(gè)跨職能、跨地域和跨商業(yè)合作伙伴的更具整合和協(xié)作特點(diǎn)的供應(yīng)鏈。中國作為“世界工廠”和世界上最大的市場(chǎng)，也將越來越深入地參與到這條全球供應(yīng)鏈中。隨著產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移的進(jìn)行，西部企業(yè)也正在逐漸成為這條供應(yīng)鏈上的一個(gè)重要環(huán)節(jié)。然而，全球供應(yīng)鏈發(fā)展的新特點(diǎn)，也對(duì)西部企業(yè)提出了不同于以往的挑戰(zhàn)。盡管西部企業(yè)加入全球供應(yīng)鏈的腳步勢(shì)不可擋，但仍有一些問題在阻礙著它們更好地發(fā)揮自己的角色作用。西部企業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)如何發(fā)揮自身優(yōu)勢(shì)，把握機(jī)遇，在全球供應(yīng)鏈中占據(jù)較為優(yōu)勢(shì)的地位，是值得我們思考的問題。

二、全球供應(yīng)鏈發(fā)展的新趨勢(shì)

伴隨著全球化的進(jìn)程，企業(yè)面臨著日益復(fù)雜和激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境。為了降低成本和提高銷售量，企業(yè)必須立足全球，建立全球范圍的業(yè)務(wù)以達(dá)到規(guī)模效益；為了更好地以客戶為中心提品和服務(wù)，企業(yè)必須提高反應(yīng)速度，掌握應(yīng)對(duì)多變要求的能力。因此，企業(yè)不得不管理更加復(fù)雜的跨國物流和分銷。傳統(tǒng)意義上的供應(yīng)鏈被拉長(zhǎng)了，延伸成了一個(gè)跨地區(qū)、跨國家的供應(yīng)鏈，訂單的交付時(shí)間也變長(zhǎng)了。與此同時(shí)，企業(yè)還面臨著全球范圍的市場(chǎng)中不同需求、不同偏好所帶來的挑戰(zhàn)。在這樣的背景下，全球供應(yīng)鏈正逐漸向著一體化發(fā)展。

與傳統(tǒng)的線性模式的供應(yīng)鏈不同，全球一體化供應(yīng)鏈具有網(wǎng)狀、集約化的特征。在傳統(tǒng)的線性模式下，供應(yīng)鏈上的各個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)獨(dú)立進(jìn)行各自的業(yè)務(wù)，缺乏相互之間的溝通與協(xié)作，而且信息系統(tǒng)各自獨(dú)立，因此時(shí)常會(huì)有脫節(jié)的情況。相比之下，全球一體化供應(yīng)鏈整合了供應(yīng)鏈上全部的信息流，強(qiáng)調(diào)供應(yīng)鏈上各方的戰(zhàn)略合作與信息共享。通過與合作伙伴的協(xié)作，企業(yè)得以迅速發(fā)現(xiàn)全球各地市場(chǎng)的機(jī)會(huì)，更靈活地應(yīng)對(duì)顧客需求，更好地維護(hù)和發(fā)展客戶關(guān)系，發(fā)揮本地優(yōu)勢(shì)，充分利用一體化供應(yīng)鏈內(nèi)信息的自由流動(dòng)來提高企業(yè)價(jià)值創(chuàng)造的效率。

因此，全球一體化供應(yīng)鏈的建立，對(duì)于供應(yīng)鏈上的各方企業(yè)都提出了新的挑戰(zhàn)。首先，新的供應(yīng)鏈必須提高反應(yīng)速度，與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手相比，要以同樣速度或者更快地將產(chǎn)品送到顧客手中，以及根據(jù)市場(chǎng)中的變化對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈做出及時(shí)調(diào)整。其次，新的供應(yīng)鏈應(yīng)當(dāng)保持良好的信息透明度，具備從原料采購到產(chǎn)品配送環(huán)節(jié)信息全面的監(jiān)控和管理，使供應(yīng)鏈各方都能參與到管理中來。再次，新的供應(yīng)鏈應(yīng)當(dāng)具備控制可變性的能力，減少非預(yù)見性的活動(dòng)對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈的影響。隨著企業(yè)在全球市場(chǎng)的開拓，企業(yè)所面臨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也在增加，應(yīng)當(dāng)盡早識(shí)別和預(yù)防。最后，應(yīng)當(dāng)從全局的角度看待供應(yīng)鏈的優(yōu)化和改進(jìn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)全球資產(chǎn)和效率的最大化。

三、西部企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力SWOT分析

1、優(yōu)勢(shì)分析。西部地區(qū)的自然資源豐富，這成為了西部企業(yè)發(fā)展的天然優(yōu)勢(shì)。這些富足的資源使相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)獲得了低成本的優(yōu)勢(shì)，獲得可持續(xù)發(fā)展。此外，西部地區(qū)富余勞動(dòng)力較多尤其對(duì)一些勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)和資源密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)有較大的吸引力。

政府支持是西部企業(yè)得以發(fā)展的最大外在推動(dòng)力。近年來，政府出臺(tái)了“鼓勵(lì)東部地區(qū)向中西部地區(qū)進(jìn)行產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移”“增加西部大開發(fā)投資”等政策，促進(jìn)了西部企業(yè)的發(fā)展。

2、劣勢(shì)分析。地理位置是制約西部地區(qū)承接產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移的因素之一。西部地區(qū)地質(zhì)地貌復(fù)雜，環(huán)境條件惡劣，交通設(shè)施不發(fā)達(dá)，且深居內(nèi)陸，遠(yuǎn)離海岸線，缺少優(yōu)質(zhì)的出?？冢谖鞑康貐^(qū)的企業(yè)雖然有價(jià)格優(yōu)勢(shì)但喪失了運(yùn)輸成本低廉的優(yōu)勢(shì)。這在一定程度上制約了西部企業(yè)的發(fā)展。

制度和政策因素也是一方面原因。由于西部地方政府在制度執(zhí)行方面的滯后和低效，使得經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行成本大大增加，在某種程度上甚至阻礙了西部企業(yè)的發(fā)展。甚至在某些地區(qū)，地方保護(hù)主義盛行，不同地域之間資源的自由流動(dòng)變得相當(dāng)困難。

3、機(jī)會(huì)分析。由于東部地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚的影響，一些傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)飽受成本上升的壓力，其發(fā)展空間受到限制，致使產(chǎn)業(yè)利益逐漸縮小。西部地區(qū)的要素價(jià)格相對(duì)低廉，這些產(chǎn)業(yè)在西部還有潛在優(yōu)勢(shì)。另外，面對(duì)未充分開發(fā)的西部市場(chǎng)，足夠的潛在需求可激發(fā)企業(yè)進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模，推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)，增強(qiáng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。

4、威脅分析。中國制造業(yè)除了面臨人工成本不斷上漲、產(chǎn)品利潤(rùn)日益微薄，以及人民幣升值預(yù)期外，還面臨著來自東南亞國家更低成本的挑戰(zhàn)。與東南亞國家相比，我們的成本已經(jīng)不再具有明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)，已經(jīng)開始出現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移到東南亞的現(xiàn)象。但是盡管如此，東南亞的基礎(chǔ)配套包括物流、交通、原材料供應(yīng)等都不完善，工人也需要培訓(xùn)，從總體上來說，成本也并不低。

由上文可以看出，西部地區(qū)廉價(jià)的勞動(dòng)力、土地和豐富的資源，使西部企業(yè)在全球市場(chǎng)中具備了一定的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。隨著東部沿海地區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移的進(jìn)行，西部企業(yè)得以獲得更多的機(jī)會(huì)加入全球供應(yīng)鏈中，成為這條供應(yīng)鏈上的一環(huán)，參與國際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)自身實(shí)力的提升。但是，西部企業(yè)同樣面臨著許多問題尚待解決。偏遠(yuǎn)的地理位置、趨向于封閉的文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的落后性，都給西部企業(yè)加入一體化的國際供應(yīng)鏈制造了障礙。

四、西部企業(yè)享受全球供應(yīng)鏈一體化的障礙

正如上文所述，西部企業(yè)的主要優(yōu)勢(shì)在于勞動(dòng)力、土地和資源。然而，盡管人工成本高低、原料價(jià)格等這些因素對(duì)于降低供應(yīng)鏈成本來說十分重要，但是在一體化的供應(yīng)鏈下，應(yīng)更多考慮從全局的角度優(yōu)化供應(yīng)鏈以降低成本。在這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中，各個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)各種因素之間相互協(xié)作，相互牽制，某個(gè)局部的變革可能牽一發(fā)而動(dòng)全身影響到整條產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的利益。因此我們不能單單看重局部的改進(jìn)，而是要衡量對(duì)于全局的優(yōu)化效果。從一體化管理的角度來看，準(zhǔn)確的生產(chǎn)和庫存安排、流暢的流程、上下游之間的有效協(xié)作、迅速而可靠的物流，都有可能有效降低整條產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的整體成本并使所有成員的成本都得到降低。

相較于我國東部沿海地區(qū)，西部地區(qū)地理位置偏遠(yuǎn)，遠(yuǎn)離消費(fèi)市場(chǎng)；運(yùn)輸?shù)幕A(chǔ)設(shè)施差，交通運(yùn)輸不夠發(fā)達(dá)；整體來說，比較閉塞和落后。要融入到全球供應(yīng)鏈中，與供應(yīng)鏈上的其他企業(yè)進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)略協(xié)作，成為一個(gè)一體化、透明化的過程；并著眼于全球，與全球市場(chǎng)的脈搏同變化，這對(duì)于西部企業(yè)來說，是一個(gè)前所未有的難題。具體來說，挑戰(zhàn)來自以下幾方面。

1、產(chǎn)品與資源的連續(xù)自由流動(dòng)障礙。盡管東部沿海地區(qū)的產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移將一部分企業(yè)帶到了西部，但是，整條產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈并沒有完全復(fù)制過來。這將對(duì)西部企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品與資源的流動(dòng)性造成障礙。

東部沿海地區(qū)的發(fā)展一個(gè)成功的模式就是產(chǎn)業(yè)集群。在一個(gè)相對(duì)完整的產(chǎn)業(yè)集群中，包括了從上游原料供應(yīng)到下游銷售的全部企業(yè)，企業(yè)集聚在一個(gè)相對(duì)較小的地域內(nèi)。處于產(chǎn)業(yè)集群中的企業(yè)，能夠較為輕松地獲得所需的原料、物流等，與其上下游保持著良好的互動(dòng)關(guān)系。由于地域上的臨近，資源和信息的流動(dòng)速度更快，流動(dòng)更容易，成本也更低。

這樣的產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚效應(yīng)，需經(jīng)歷長(zhǎng)期的發(fā)展摸索，在目前西部企業(yè)發(fā)展的初期很難形成。而且，由于西部地區(qū)自身地理?xiàng)l件和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的制約，以及來自地方保護(hù)主義和地方法規(guī)的挑戰(zhàn)，也增加了產(chǎn)品和資源自由流動(dòng)的難度，也提高了交易成本。

2、長(zhǎng)訂單交付周期和高物流成本。西部企業(yè)普遍面臨著訂單交付時(shí)間過長(zhǎng)的問題。一方面來說，這是西部企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)能力所致，高效優(yōu)質(zhì)的生產(chǎn)能力和熟練工人的培養(yǎng)還需經(jīng)過較長(zhǎng)的一個(gè)過程。另一方面，受制于運(yùn)輸基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施落后和物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)的不成熟，西部企業(yè)不得不在物流上花費(fèi)更高的成本和更多的時(shí)間。很多時(shí)候訂單的延誤和出錯(cuò)正是出問題在物流上。交付周期的拉長(zhǎng)也使得企業(yè)的庫存成本上升了。

從全球供應(yīng)鏈的角度看，跨國企業(yè)在全球內(nèi)所尋找的，一是最優(yōu)成本，二是更靈活的市場(chǎng)能力。從這個(gè)角度來說，這一問題的存在甚至可能抵消掉西部企業(yè)所擁有的土地、勞動(dòng)力優(yōu)勢(shì)，威脅到其在全球產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈中的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力。

3、信息共享與協(xié)作機(jī)制相對(duì)落后。信息共享是實(shí)現(xiàn)有效協(xié)作的關(guān)鍵。在一個(gè)企業(yè)的內(nèi)部，這包括對(duì)產(chǎn)品研發(fā)、原材料采購、生產(chǎn)線分配和物流周期等信息的共享，在整個(gè)供應(yīng)鏈上則包括對(duì)價(jià)格、訂單細(xì)節(jié)、產(chǎn)品規(guī)范、庫存水平及客戶概況等信息的共享。

由于西部地區(qū)的長(zhǎng)期閉塞和落后，西部企業(yè)形成了一種趨向于封閉的文化。西部企業(yè)普遍對(duì)企業(yè)內(nèi)部的信息開放和共享并不看重。而對(duì)于企業(yè)外部的信息共享，他們更多地持有警惕的態(tài)度。也即是說，他們并沒有意識(shí)到信息共享對(duì)于企業(yè)的重要性，甚至對(duì)它抱有抵觸心理。

全球一體化供應(yīng)鏈的關(guān)鍵在于，企業(yè)必須致力于與供應(yīng)鏈上企業(yè)建立戰(zhàn)略合作伙伴關(guān)系和協(xié)作機(jī)制。這種關(guān)系的建立，自由和共享的信息是基礎(chǔ)。西部地區(qū)協(xié)作文化的欠缺和對(duì)外部企業(yè)缺乏信任對(duì)這一基礎(chǔ)的建立是一種阻礙。此外，信息交換同樣會(huì)帶來成本，對(duì)于多數(shù)西部企業(yè)來說，并不愿意在交換平臺(tái)的建設(shè)上進(jìn)行投入，交換平臺(tái)普遍不成熟。

4、市場(chǎng)反應(yīng)與溝通效率較為滯后。由于西部地區(qū)遠(yuǎn)離經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)，快速響應(yīng)和溝通的困難成為了建立一體化的供應(yīng)鏈所必須面對(duì)的問題。這其中包括基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施方面的問題，如交通設(shè)施的落后導(dǎo)致無法及時(shí)高效地把產(chǎn)品送到消費(fèi)市場(chǎng)；能源短缺造成生產(chǎn)中斷；通信覆蓋范圍有限造成信息系統(tǒng)透明度低等。也包括制度、地域政治方面的因素，行政效率的低下，各種制度上的限制和地方保護(hù)使得事件應(yīng)對(duì)和處理的速度嚴(yán)重下降。

但是，最主要的問題仍在企業(yè)中。如對(duì)市場(chǎng)變動(dòng)不敏感，信息系統(tǒng)的不通暢，上下游環(huán)節(jié)的脫鉤，需求與供應(yīng)的不同步，這樣的問題在西部企業(yè)中尤為突出。在越是不發(fā)達(dá)的地區(qū)，信息的滯后和混亂程度就越是明顯。這使得企業(yè)對(duì)產(chǎn)品的周期規(guī)劃和預(yù)測(cè)缺乏，訂單交付時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)、頻繁脫銷或庫存壓力加大，無法較好地應(yīng)對(duì)市場(chǎng)需求。

5、西部企業(yè)核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力總體較弱。西部地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)落后，差距在企業(yè)，而西部企業(yè)發(fā)展落后，實(shí)質(zhì)是缺乏核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。西部企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的基本特征可以概括為：企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模偏小，勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率偏低；企業(yè)自主品牌建設(shè)薄弱，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力缺乏；企業(yè)研究開發(fā)投入不足，技術(shù)創(chuàng)新能力不強(qiáng)；企業(yè)資產(chǎn)質(zhì)量不佳，贏利能力欠缺；企業(yè)人才機(jī)制不健全，流失嚴(yán)重；企業(yè)管理觀念陳舊，水平較低。

五、讓西部企業(yè)更好利用全球供應(yīng)鏈一體化的對(duì)策

供應(yīng)鏈的核心在于給客戶提品和服務(wù)。這一系列的過程包括，感知客戶需求，以最低成本提供給客戶，并以更好更快的方式送到客戶手中。這并不是一個(gè)孤立的過程，在這其中涉及到了多方企業(yè)之間相互協(xié)作、戰(zhàn)略共享。因此，對(duì)于目前的西部企業(yè)而言，僅僅能做到低成本產(chǎn)品提供是不夠的。

當(dāng)然，要求這些西部企業(yè)立即達(dá)到高水平的一體化并不現(xiàn)實(shí)。但是，可以利用位于內(nèi)陸城市和重要貿(mào)易口岸的之間的物流樞紐城市，把它們與位于中國中部和沿海地區(qū)的更加一體化的供應(yīng)鏈網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接起來，以提高西部企業(yè)一體化管理的能力，以更好地適應(yīng)國際供應(yīng)鏈的新變化。針對(duì)上文所分析的西部地區(qū)實(shí)際情況，建議政府與企業(yè)可以從以下幾個(gè)方面著手。

1、政府提高基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施水平。西部地區(qū)運(yùn)輸、通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的落后正嚴(yán)重阻礙著西部企業(yè)與外界信息與資源的傳遞、溝通和共享。在現(xiàn)有條件下，西部企業(yè)一方面必須投入更高的成本來及時(shí)獲取信息和資源；另一方面，西部企業(yè)不得不投入額外的人力物力，用于解決基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施落后所帶來的流通不便、差錯(cuò)率提高等問題，承擔(dān)信息不對(duì)稱帶來的市場(chǎng)反應(yīng)不及時(shí)的后果。

2、政府促進(jìn)發(fā)揮企業(yè)集聚效應(yīng)。上下游企業(yè)集聚的好處在于，它使得供應(yīng)鏈內(nèi)企業(yè)之間的距離縮短，有效地降低了企業(yè)交易成本，提高了供應(yīng)鏈的效率。因此，西部地區(qū)在參與全球供應(yīng)鏈的過程中，也要注意改善當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境，大力發(fā)展商貿(mào)物流，吸引其上下游企業(yè)，實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚，從整體上降低成本。

背影練習(xí)題范文第5篇

一、利用課后習(xí)題，掌握課文內(nèi)容

初中語文課本中，蘇教版許多課后習(xí)題設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，大多數(shù)是為了幫助理解課文大意而設(shè)定的。語文老師在教學(xué)過程中可充分利用這些習(xí)題，在完成復(fù)習(xí)要求的基礎(chǔ)上，適當(dāng)?shù)匾龑?dǎo)學(xué)生帶著問題去閱讀文章，進(jìn)而復(fù)習(xí)課文重點(diǎn)。在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)充分利用課后練習(xí)題，可以讓學(xué)生更加清晰地理清課文思路，更好地把握課文重點(diǎn)。

例如在對(duì)《背影》這一課進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)，練習(xí)第一題為：文章多次對(duì)父親的背影進(jìn)行了敘述，試問每次背影是在什么情況下出現(xiàn)的？為什么作者止不住流下淚水？語文老師在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)可以將此題引入，通過對(duì)學(xué)生的提問，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生思維運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，促進(jìn)學(xué)生綜合能力的提高。學(xué)生在回答此題前，必須經(jīng)過縝密的思考，這樣就會(huì)回憶起文章的重點(diǎn)和脈絡(luò)，并對(duì)父子之間的感情有了更加充分的認(rèn)識(shí)。其中第一次背影的出現(xiàn)是在祖母去世，父親也失業(yè)，家庭窘困的情況下出現(xiàn)的，此時(shí)父親為兒子所做的比正常情況下更加可貴，這次流淚的原因是感動(dòng)；第二次背影的出現(xiàn)是在父親離開時(shí)，作者看到父親融入茫茫人海中，離別情緒充溢，因此留下了不舍的淚水；第三次背影的出現(xiàn)是讀信時(shí)，作者想到父親的生活艱苦、頹唐，流出了傷心的淚水。

在以上的舉例中我們可以看出，課后的練習(xí)為學(xué)生們提供了一種行之有效的復(fù)習(xí)方式即：“再讀――歸納”過程，這個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)對(duì)學(xué)生知識(shí)記憶提供了很大的幫助，使學(xué)生將書本知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)為自己的知識(shí)。

二、通過課后練習(xí)，鞏固基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)

在語文復(fù)習(xí)課上課時(shí)，老師可以通過課后習(xí)題，加深學(xué)生對(duì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的影響，語文老師可適當(dāng)?shù)倪x擇課后習(xí)題，將語文教材里面經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)及教學(xué)大綱要求的一些常用的、容易出錯(cuò)的字詞，進(jìn)行加強(qiáng)訓(xùn)練。語文老師可以通過課后練習(xí)中的“讀一讀、寫一寫”這道題進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，拿出合理的方案，幫助學(xué)生鞏固字詞。另外課后習(xí)題中還專門有為練習(xí)字詞設(shè)計(jì)的習(xí)題，這類題目對(duì)學(xué)生靈活運(yùn)用所學(xué)字詞，有著很好的提高作用，這種題目在大多數(shù)文言文課文后出現(xiàn)。如課文《桃花源記》課后練、區(qū)分下列句子中加點(diǎn)詞語在句中的含義：①便要（邀請(qǐng)）還家；②既出，得其（他的、自己的這里代指漁人）船；③醒能述以（用）文者。這些練習(xí)可以讓學(xué)生了解同一詞語在不同語境及不同句子中的作用是不同的，最終將使學(xué)生熟練靈活的運(yùn)用各種詞句。

另外，初中學(xué)生也應(yīng)該有著體味和推敲重要句子在文章中含義和作用的能力。在上語文復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)，語文老師通過課后練習(xí)，加強(qiáng)對(duì)學(xué)生語句理解能力的訓(xùn)練，通過學(xué)生自己對(duì)這些句子的推敲及分析，使其掌握理解和運(yùn)用語言文字的技巧，最終提高學(xué)生的綜合閱讀能力。例如《木蘭詩》課后練，分析下列句子，并說出哪些運(yùn)用了互文手法：①東市買駿馬，西市買鞍韉；②將軍百戰(zhàn)死，壯士十年歸；③開我東閣門，坐我西閣床；④當(dāng)窗理云鬢，對(duì)鏡帖花黃。這些句子中大多數(shù)運(yùn)用了互文的手法，語文老師在對(duì)該題進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)，不但可以通過古文翻譯加強(qiáng)學(xué)生的閱讀和翻譯古文的功底，而且在這個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)加深了學(xué)生對(duì)互文這個(gè)手法的學(xué)習(xí)，加強(qiáng)了學(xué)生靈活運(yùn)用古文中的實(shí)詞、虛詞以及各種語法的能力，另外，復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)老師也應(yīng)該根據(jù)不同的文章類型，在翻譯時(shí)不能一味強(qiáng)調(diào)將文章變?yōu)樯⑽?。語文老師在進(jìn)行這些復(fù)習(xí)后，最終力求使學(xué)生掌握翻譯簡(jiǎn)單文言文的能力，并且使得翻譯過后文章句意表達(dá)明確、清晰。著名的語言學(xué)家蘇霍姆林曾經(jīng)說過：“一個(gè)人到學(xué)校上學(xué)，不僅為了獲得一份知識(shí)的行囊，而主要是獲得多方面的學(xué)習(xí)能力，學(xué)會(huì)思考。”在復(fù)習(xí)過程中，語文老師應(yīng)該教會(huì)學(xué)生運(yùn)用知識(shí)解決問題的能力。

三、對(duì)課后習(xí)題進(jìn)行研究、力求系統(tǒng)化